10 Questions
What are some network services where UDP is most often used?
Domain Name System (DNS), Network Time Protocol (NTP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), and Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)
In what cases are performance and latency more important than packet retransmissions for UDP?
Real-time data traffic, including voice and video over IP
Why are most industrial application layer protocols implemented over TCP?
Due to historical deployment when data link layers were often unreliable and called for error protection
What is the recommended choice of transport model for constrained IoT devices and networks?
UDP
How can DLMS/COSEM reduce the overhead associated with session establishment over LLNs?
By offering a 'long association'
What are the two main protocols specified for the transport layer in the TCP/IP protocol?
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
How is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) described in terms of its connection-oriented nature?
It requires a session to get established between the source and destination before exchanging data.
What analogy is used to describe the operation of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?
Equivalent to a traditional telephone conversation, in which two phones must be connected and the communication link established before the parties can talk.
How is User Datagram Protocol (UDP) described in terms of its connectionless nature?
Data can be quickly sent between source and destination, but with no guarantee of delivery.
What analogy is used to describe the operation of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?
Similar to a traditional mail delivery system, in which a letter is mailed to a destination without confirmation of reception until another letter is sent in response.
Study Notes
Network Services Using UDP
- Online gaming, video streaming, and VoIP (voice over internet protocol) often use UDP due to its fast and efficient transmission of packets.
- UDP is preferred in these applications because performance and latency are more important than packet retransmissions.
Industrial Application Layer Protocols
- Most industrial application layer protocols are implemented over TCP due to its reliability and guaranteed delivery of packets.
Constrained IoT Devices and Networks
- For constrained IoT devices and networks, the recommended choice of transport model is UDP, which is more lightweight and efficient than TCP.
DLMS/COSEM and Session Establishment
- DLMS/COSEM (Device Language Message Specification / Companion Specification for Energy Metering) can reduce the overhead associated with session establishment over Low-power and Lossy Networks (LLNs) by using a concise and efficient protocol.
Transport Layer Protocols in TCP/IP
- The two main protocols specified for the transport layer in the TCP/IP protocol are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol).
TCP Connection-Oriented Nature
- TCP is described as a connection-oriented protocol, which means that a connection is established between the sender and receiver before data is sent, and packets are delivered in the correct order.
TCP Analogy
- The operation of TCP is often described using the analogy of a telephone call, where a connection is established, data is exchanged, and the connection is closed.
UDP Connectionless Nature
- UDP is described as a connectionless protocol, which means that there is no establishment of a connection before data is sent, and packets may be delivered out of order or lost.
UDP Analogy
- The operation of UDP is often described using the analogy of sending a postcard, where the sender does not establish a connection with the receiver, and delivery is not guaranteed.
Test your knowledge of transport layer protocols in IoT networks. Explore the usage and constraints of TCP and UDP in the context of IoT networks, and understand the differences between them.
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