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Questions and Answers
What is a key feature of the standard for home automation discussed?
Which characteristic of IEEE 802.15.4 is highlighted?
What is a disadvantage of using IEEE 802.15.4 technology?
What differentiates a Full Function Device (FFD) from a Reduced Function Device (RFD)?
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Which aspect is NOT a characteristic of devices using the home automation standard?
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What is the primary function of Edge (Fog) Computing in the IoT Reference Model?
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Which layer of the IoT Reference Model is responsible for capturing and storing data?
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In the ETSI M2M model, which domain involves data transportation using wired and wireless protocols?
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Which of the following is NOT a key focus of IoT Security measures?
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What does the Data Abstraction layer primarily reconcile?
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How do secure devices join a network in the home automation standard discussed?
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What is one major benefit of using IPv6 in the context of home automation?
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What defines the communication capabilities of a Full Function Device (FFD) compared to a Reduced Function Device (RFD)?
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Identify a key downside of IEEE 802.15.4 technology.
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Explain how low power consumption impacts the user experience with home automation devices.
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Study Notes
Thread
- Uses IPv6 for routing over IEEE 802.15.4 wireless network
- Secure: Devices can only join network after authorization, all communications are encrypted
- Range: Covers a typical home but Thread Domain model allows multiple networks to communicate
- Low Power: Devices communicate efficiently enabling years of battery life
- Cost-effective: Chipsets and software are available from multiple vendors
IEEE 802.15.4
- Wireless networking technology for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs)
- Low Cost
- Easy Implementation
- Reliable data Transfer
- Short Range Operation
- Very Low Power Consumption
-
Disadvantages
- Interference and multipath fading
- No frequency-hopping approach
- Unbounded latency
- Susceptible to interference
Device Classes
-
Full Function Device (FFD)
- Any topology
- Network coordinator capable
- Can talk to any other device
-
Reduced Function Device (RFD)
- Limited to star topology
- Cannot become a network coordinator
- Only talks to a network coordinator
- Simple implementation
IoT Reference Model
-
7 Layers
- Physical Devices & Controllers: Generate data and can be controlled over network
- Connectivity: Communication between Layer 1 Devices
- Edge (Fog) Computing: Evaluates and reformats data for processing
- Data Accumulation: Captures data for application use
- Data Abstraction: Reconciles data formats and ensures consistent semantics
- Application: Interprets data using software applications
- Collaboration & Processes: Consumes and shares application information
-
Security measures:
- Secure each device connected to the IoT network
- Secure all processes
- Secure communication between each level
ETSI M2M
- Purpose: Offer a framework for understanding standard and protocol placement
-
Models
- Application Domain: Data analytics and connectivity management
- Network Domain: Local network data transport to application domain via wired and wireless protocols
- M2M Devices Domain: End devices connect to the network through M2M gateways
IoT Simplified Model
-
Functional Layers
- Devices Layer: End devices connected
- Communication Layer: Devices connected to a local control panel
- Application Layer: Control panel connected to data center
-
Data Management Layers
- Mist Layer: Ground level network connections
- Fog Layer: Local device with more power
- Cloud Layer: Remote oversight of autonomous actions
Zigbee
- Protocol suite based on IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard
-
Roles
- Coordinator: Network setup, central point, one per network
- Router: Full function devices, powered, non-battery, repeat/forward signals
- End-Device: Reduced function, battery powered, not repeat/forward signals
- Pros: Better remotes, power-efficient, secure, stable network
- Cons: Needs a hub, limited range, not every smart device supports Zigbee
Mesh Network
- Multiple devices in network act as routers or repeaters
- Repeat signals and forward them to devices within range
Thread
- A standard for home automation
- Uses Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) for routing
- Based on an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless network
- Secure: devices do not join the network unless authorized and all communications are encrypted
- Typical range sufficient to cover an average home
- Commercial use: the Thread Domain model allows multiple Thread networks to communicate over a backbone
- Low power: devices communicate efficiently, providing years of battery life
- Cost-effective: compatible chipsets and software stacks from multiple vendors
IEEE 802.15.4
- Wireless networking technology
- Technical specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs)
- Allows devices to communicate in a variety of industrial and commercial settings
- Extremely low cost
- Easy to implement
- Reliable data transfer
- Short range operation
- Very low power consumption
- Causes interference and multipath fading
- Doesn't employ a frequency-hopping approach
- Unbounded latency
- Susceptible to interference
IEEE 802.15.4 Device Classes
- Full function device (FFD)
- Can create any topology
- Network coordinator capable
- Can communicate with any other device
- Reduced function device (RFD)
- Limited to a star topology
- Cannot be a network coordinator
- Can only communicate with a network coordinator
- Very simple implementation
IoT Reference Model
- 7 layers with unique functions
- Physical devices & Controllers: generate data and can be controlled over a network
- Connectivity: Device communication
- Edge (Fog) Computing: Evaluates and reformats data for processing at higher levels
- Data Accumulation: Captures data and stores it for application use
- Data Abstraction: Reconciles multiple data formats
- Application: Interprets data using software applications
- Collaboration & Processes: Consumes and shares application information
- Security measures are crucial, ensuring:
- Securing each device connected to the IoT network
- Security for all processes
- Security between each layer
ETSI M2M
- Common framework for understanding the placement of standards and protocols
- 3 Models:
- Application Domain: Management functions occur, including data analytics and connectivity management
- Network Domain: Data exists on the local network and is transported to the Application Domain using wired and wireless protocols
- M2M Devices Domain: End devices like sensors, actuators, and controllers connect to the network through M2M gateways
IoT Simplified Model
- Functional Layers:
- Devices Layer: End-devices are connected
- Communication Layer: Devices connect to a local control panel that monitors the system's state
- Application Layer: The control panel connects to a remote data center, aggregating all control panels
- Data Management Layers:
- Mist Layer: Close to the ground where things are connected
- Fog Layer: On a local, more powerful device like an irrigation system's control panel
- Cloud Layer: A supervisor can remotely override the control panel's autonomous actions using a mobile or desktop application
Zigbee
- Suite of protocols using low-power digital radios based on the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard
- 3 distinct roles:
- Coordinator: Sets up the network; one per network; central point of the network
- Router: Full function devices, powered, not battery powered; repeat/forward signal
- End-Device: Reduced function, battery powered; do not repeat/forward signals
- Pros: Better remotes; power-efficient; secure; stable network.
- Cons: Need a hub; limited range; not all smart devices support Zigbee
Mesh Network
- Network where multiple devices take on the role of a router or repeater
- Devices repeat signals and forward them to other network devices within range
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Description
Explore the concepts of Thread networking using IPv6 over IEEE 802.15.4 technology. This quiz covers device classes, security features, and advantages of low-power communication. Test your knowledge on networking technologies relevant to the Internet of Things.
