IoT Multiple Choice Questions

Internet of Things (IoT) Key Concepts

• Buffer Overrun Prevention: Can be reduced through flow control and data integrity measures.
• MAC Address: Primarily recognized as a Hardware address, crucial for identifying devices on a network.
• Arduino Codes: Comprised of setup and loop functions, also referred to as sketches.
• ‘Arduino.h’ Header File: Enables core functionality access in Arduino, typically managed by Avrdude for hex file uploads.
• Stochastic Control Systems: Feature feedback with random actions, which can be categorized into negative or positive feedback.
• PROGMEM: A variable modifier for data storage in flash memory, found in the avr/pgmspace.h header file.
• IoT Device Interfaces: Require connections for sensors, audio/video, and internet connectivity.
• Open-loop vs. Closed-loop Systems: Differentiated by the presence of feedback mechanisms.

Communication and Interaction

• Types of Communication: Human communication can be verbal, non-verbal, written, or spoken; dressing serves as a non-verbal cue.
• IoT Support Systems: Incorporate cloud computing, data analytics, and emerging technologies like blockchain.
• MQ135 Sensor: Functions as a gas sensor for monitoring air pollution levels.

Programming and Development

• Array Declaration in C: Example of usage includes creating a variable ‘xyz’ and accessing its elements.
• Data Structures: In C programming, arrays are indexed starting from zero.
• Arduino Programming Languages: Primarily uses C++ while also being compatible with languages like Python.

Infrastructure and Security

• IoT Communication Technologies: Include Bluetooth, Zigbee, and WiMAX among others.
• Serial TTL Signals: Enable communication through digital inputs with at least one serial port.
• IoT Device Vulnerability: IoT devices face risks such as cryptanalysis attacks, which aim to break encryption.

Networking and Data Protocols

• MQTT: Stands for Message Queue Telemetry Transport, commonly used in IoT.
• Architecture Models: TCP/IP and OSI models differ in structure, with OSI being a generic protocol framework.
• End-to-End Communication: Achieved through the transport layer in IoT networks, essential for device interaction.

Standards and Technologies

• RFID: Radio Frequency Identification, a key technology in IoT for tagging and tracking devices.
• NFC Data Rates: Can transmit data at speeds of 212 Kbps, 424 Kbps, and 1106 Kbps.
• LPWAN: Stands for Low Power Wide Area Network, crucial for efficient IoT communications over long distances.

Miscellaneous

• Web of Things (WoT): Designed to improve usability and interoperability in IoT applications.
• Two-Factor Authentication: While enhancing security, it can still expose users to risks like man-in-the-middle attacks.
• Memory Storage: In IoT systems, the storage is typically limited, affecting data handling capabilities.