Questions and Answers
Which of the following are types of microcontrollers?
What is the purpose of a gateway in IoT?
To provide a bridge between different types of communication technologies.
Embedded memory microcontrollers contain all functioning blocks on a single chip.
True
What does HTTP stand for in IoT protocols?
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What is MQTT?
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What are the two types of MQTT players?
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HL7 FHIR stands for __________.
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What distinguishes CISC from RISC?
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Study Notes
Understanding Healthcare and Lifestyle Devices
- Healthcare devices focus on medical monitoring and diagnostics, while lifestyle devices typically enhance personal well-being or convenience.
- Both types utilize sensors and actuators to bridge the physical and digital realms.
Microcontrollers
- Microcontroller Unit (MCU) is a compact computer on a microchip, dedicated to specific functions and often embedded in devices like cellphones and household electronics.
- Basic structure includes CPU, memory, input/output ports, timers, and analog-digital converters.
Types of Microcontrollers
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Bits determine the data bus, addressing, and register width:
- 8 bits: Basic logic and arithmetic (e.g., Intel 8031/8051).
- 16 bits: Enhanced accuracy and performance (e.g., Intel 8096).
- 32 bits: Used in automatically controlled devices, including medical applications (e.g., Texas Instruments AM5749ABZXEA).
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External Memory Microcontroller: Lacks integrated program memory on the chip (e.g., 8031).
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Embedded Memory Microcontroller: Contains all essential functioning blocks on-chip (e.g., 8051).
Instruction Set Architectures
- CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer): Allows single instructions to replace multiple simple instructions, optimizing performance.
- RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Minimizes operation time by shortening clock cycles, streamlining the instruction process.
Memory Architectures
- Princeton Architecture: Shares single memory and bus for both data and instructions.
- Harvard Architecture: Utilizes separate memory units for instructions and data, connected by distinct buses.
Gateways in IoT
- Function as a bridge between different communication technologies, integrating various connectivity types, interfaces, and protocols.
- Acts as a connection point between cloud systems and devices like controllers and sensors.
IoT Protocols
- Defined standards that guide communication between devices.
- Examples include:
- Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT)
- Health Level 7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR)
- Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP)
- Data Distribution Service (DDS)
MQTT Protocol
- Most widely used IoT protocol, a free open standard focusing on efficiency.
- Operates using a publish/subscribe model, suitable for resource-constrained devices.
- Key design principles aim to minimize bandwidth and ensure reliable message delivery.
MQTT Architecture
- Consists of a single broker and multiple clients.
- Broker ensures message availability even when connections are interrupted.
- Topics function like a file system, categorizing messages to be sent from clients to the broker.
HL7 FHIR
- An interoperability standard for electronic healthcare information exchange developed by Health Level Seven International.
- Provides a framework for the sharing, integration, and retrieval of electronic health information, supporting clinical practice and healthcare service management.
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Description
Test your understanding of the fundamental concepts of IoT, focusing on the differences between healthcare and lifestyle devices, various types of microcontrollers, and the role of gateways. This quiz will enhance your knowledge of how these components interact in the digital and physical worlds.
