IoT Microcontrollers and Sensors Quiz

Study Notes

Healthcare devices focus on medical monitoring and diagnostics, while lifestyle devices typically enhance personal well-being or convenience.
Both types utilize sensors and actuators to bridge the physical and digital realms.

Microcontroller Unit (MCU) is a compact computer on a microchip, dedicated to specific functions and often embedded in devices like cellphones and household electronics.
Basic structure includes CPU, memory, input/output ports, timers, and analog-digital converters.

Bits determine the data bus, addressing, and register width:
- 8 bits: Basic logic and arithmetic (e.g., Intel 8031/8051).
- 16 bits: Enhanced accuracy and performance (e.g., Intel 8096).
- 32 bits: Used in automatically controlled devices, including medical applications (e.g., Texas Instruments AM5749ABZXEA).
External Memory Microcontroller: Lacks integrated program memory on the chip (e.g., 8031).
Embedded Memory Microcontroller: Contains all essential functioning blocks on-chip (e.g., 8051).

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer): Allows single instructions to replace multiple simple instructions, optimizing performance.
RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer): Minimizes operation time by shortening clock cycles, streamlining the instruction process.

Princeton Architecture: Shares single memory and bus for both data and instructions.
Harvard Architecture: Utilizes separate memory units for instructions and data, connected by distinct buses.

Function as a bridge between different communication technologies, integrating various connectivity types, interfaces, and protocols.
Acts as a connection point between cloud systems and devices like controllers and sensors.

Most widely used IoT protocol, a free open standard focusing on efficiency.
Operates using a publish/subscribe model, suitable for resource-constrained devices.
Key design principles aim to minimize bandwidth and ensure reliable message delivery.

Consists of a single broker and multiple clients.
Broker ensures message availability even when connections are interrupted.
Topics function like a file system, categorizing messages to be sent from clients to the broker.

An interoperability standard for electronic healthcare information exchange developed by Health Level Seven International.
Provides a framework for the sharing, integration, and retrieval of electronic health information, supporting clinical practice and healthcare service management.