18 Questions
What is the direct action of ionizing radiation on microorganisms?
Interaction with target regions in molecules
How does a single ionization in sensitive regions of molecules affect microorganisms?
Causes inactivation of the molecule
What is the role of water in indirect action of ionizing radiation?
Production of free radicals
How does ionizing radiation cause harm at the molecular level?
By causing direct inactivation of molecules
What is the primary source of energy imparted in dilute solutions exposed to radiation?
Water
How does ionizing radiation cause microbial death through indirect action?
By absorption by water and production of free radicals
What is considered the major subject of cellular damage?
DNA
What makes free radicals extremely reactive?
Having an unpaired electron in their inner orbitals
What can be broken in free radical reactions?
Any chemical bond
How does oxygen influence free radical formation?
By enabling the creation of more stable free radical species
What is the effect of transfer of a free radical to a biological molecule?
It causes bond breakage or inactivation of key functions
What does the organic peroxy radical do in terms of transferring radicals?
It causes damage at each encounter by transferring radicals from molecule to molecule
Why is DUR important when optimizing radiation doses for irradiation-sensitive materials?
To minimize degradation of the product
What advantage does radiation sterilization have in terms of temperature independence?
It is efficient at both ambient and sub-zero temperatures
What is a key benefit of radiation sterilization in terms of chemical usage?
It does not require any volatile or toxic chemicals
In what aspect is radiation sterilization especially flexible?
Can sterilize products in any phase and with varying characteristics
What contributes to the time efficiency of e-beam sterilization?
Completion within seconds to minutes
What advantage does radiation sterilization offer in terms of packaging?
Final packaging can be maintained during processing
Explore the mode of action of ionizing radiation in sterilizing pharmaceuticals and its effects on microorganisms and organic compounds. Learn about the direct and indirect actions of radiation and its limitations in terminal sterilization.
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