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What is ionization energy?
What is ionization energy?
- The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom
- The energy required to change an atom into a molecule
- The energy needed to break a covalent bond
- The minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule (correct)
In which units is ionization energy usually expressed in physics?
In which units is ionization energy usually expressed in physics?
- Meters (m) or kilometers (km)
- Electronvolts (eV) or joules (J) (correct)
- Kilograms (kg) or grams (g)
- Liters (L) or milliliters (mL)
How is the first ionization energy quantitatively expressed?
How is the first ionization energy quantitatively expressed?
- $X(g) - e^- ⟶ X^+(g) + energy$
- $X(g) - energy ⟶ X^-(g) + e^+$
- $X(g) + energy ⟶ X^+(g) + e^-$ (correct)
- $X(g) + e^- ⟶ X^-(g) + energy$
Why does ionization energy generally decrease from top to bottom in a given group (column)?
Why does ionization energy generally decrease from top to bottom in a given group (column)?
What periodic trend does the ionization energy generally follow within a given period (row)?
What periodic trend does the ionization energy generally follow within a given period (row)?
In which units is ionization energy usually expressed in chemistry?
In which units is ionization energy usually expressed in chemistry?
What is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule called?
What is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule called?
What is the resultant ion when the original atom was stripped of a single electron?
What is the resultant ion when the original atom was stripped of a single electron?
What is the removed electron represented as in the expression for first ionization energy?
What is the removed electron represented as in the expression for first ionization energy?
What trend does the ionization energy generally follow within a given period (row) in the periodic table?
What trend does the ionization energy generally follow within a given period (row) in the periodic table?
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Study Notes
Ionization Energy
- Ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule.
Units of Ionization Energy
- In physics, ionization energy is usually expressed in units of electronvolts (eV).
- In chemistry, ionization energy is usually expressed in units of kJ/mol.
First Ionization Energy
- The first ionization energy is quantitatively expressed as the energy required to remove one electron from a neutral atom in its ground state, resulting in a cation with a +1 charge.
- The removed electron is represented as e⁻ in the expression for first ionization energy.
Periodic Trends
- Ionization energy generally decreases from top to bottom in a given group (column) due to the increasing size of the atom and the corresponding decrease in the effective nuclear charge.
- Ionization energy generally increases from left to right within a given period (row) due to the increasing effective nuclear charge and the corresponding decrease in atomic size.
Resultant Ion
- When the original atom is stripped of a single electron, the resultant ion has a +1 charge.
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