Questions and Answers
Which of the following compounds is correctly matched in the context of List-I and List-II?
What does the point of intersection and sudden increase in the slope indicate?
Which chemical is used to lower the melting point in the extraction process of aluminium?
For which compound is $ abla G < 0$ associated with decomposition?
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What is the chemical formula for Haematite?
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Which of the following is NOT a property of Cryolite?
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Given the following ionization energy values, which statement is true regarding elements X and Y? X has a 1st ionization energy of 495 kJ/mol and a 2nd of 4563 kJ/mol, while Y has a 1st of 731 kJ/mol and a 2nd of 1450 kJ/mol.
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What is the correct classification of elements with atomic numbers 33, 53, and 83?
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Which sequence accurately represents the absolute values of electron gain enthalpy for halogens?
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Which of the following compounds cannot act as a Lewis base?
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What are the ionic radii (in \AA) of Mg2+ and Al3+ when the ionic radius of Na+ is 1.02 \AA?
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Which statement about the first ionization energy of magnesium is correct in relation to elements X, Y, and Z?
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Which statement regarding D.I. Mendeleev is incorrect?
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Which metal is not extracted from its sulphide ore?
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Which of the following methods are not used to refine any metal?
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How many principal ores of iron are listed among the following: Bauxite, Siderite, Cuprite, Calamine, Haematite, Kaolinite, Malachite, Magnetite, Sphalerite, Limonite, Cryolite?
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Which reaction is suitable for concentrating ore by leaching process?
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What does the term 'gangue' refer to in metallurgy?
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In the liquation process used for tin (Sn), the metal:
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Which of the following methods is NOT commonly applied in metallurgy for metal extraction?
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What is the primary ore of copper from the following options?
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Which of the following statements are true regarding the solubility of LiCl and MgCl2?
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Which compound is commonly used as a chemical in certain types of fire extinguishers?
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In the flame test, which cation is indicated by a green flame with a blue center?
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Which alkaline earth metal ion exhibits the highest ionic mobility in an aqueous solution?
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What is the correct order of melting points for the alkaline earth metals?
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Which s-block element cannot be confirmed qualitatively using the flame test?
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What are the products formed when H2SO4 is added to BaO2?
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What is produced when BeCl2 reacts with LiAlH4?
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Which statement correctly represents the order of conductivity of ions in water?
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Which functional groups are responsible for the ion-exchange properties of cation and anion exchange resins respectively?
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What is one of the by-products formed during the recovery of NH3 from the Solvay process?
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Match the components of List-I to their corresponding items in List-II.
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Which of the following correctly matches the chemical compound with its use or characteristic?
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Identify the property responsible for the ion-exchange capability of resins.
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Which order of ions represents the trend of decreasing conductivity in water?
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Which reaction is primarily responsible for generating NaHCO3 in the Solvay process?
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Study Notes
Ionization Energies and Element Identification
- Element X shows a significant jump between its 1st (495 kJ/mol) and 2nd (4563 kJ/mol) ionization energies, indicating it likely forms one stable ion. This behavior is typical of alkali metals like sodium (Na) or magnesium (Mg).
- Element Y's ionization energies (731 kJ/mol and 1450 kJ/mol) suggest it has a lower change between its first and second ionization energies, which is indicative of a more stable, often in the group of halogens or similar non-metals.
- Possible identification: X = Na and Y = Mg does not fit due to X’s high second ionization energy. X = Mg and Y = F aligns with the observed energy pattern.
Characteristics of Elements by Atomic Numbers
- Atomic number 33 corresponds to arsenic (As), classified as a metalloid; 53 corresponds to iodine (I), a non-metal; and 83 corresponds to bismuth (Bi), a metal.
- Classification: X (As) - metalloid, Y (I) - non-metal, Z (Bi) - metal.
Electron Gain Enthalpy of Halogens
- The trend of absolute electron gain enthalpy for halogens follows I > Br > Cl > F, indicating iodine has a greater tendency to gain an electron compared to the others.
Lewis Bases Identification
- NF3 cannot act as a Lewis base due to the absence of available lone pairs for donation, while PCl5, SF4, and ClF3 have suitable electrons.
Element Relationship Differentiation
- Elements Li and Na belong to the same group, while B and Si (both metalloids) differ from Be and Al (both metals).
Ionic Radius Ranges
- Ionic radius values indicate Na+ = 1.02 Å, Mg2+ is generally smaller at 0.72 Å, and Al3+ is even smaller at 0.54 Å in general ionic size trends.
Ionization Energy Comparisons
- Ionization energy of magnesium is lower compared to elements X and Y, which may suggest X and Y are noble gases or similar with higher values than Mg.
Dmitri Mendeleev Misconceptions
- Common misconceptions about Mendeleev include that he authored "Principles of Chemistry," although he proposed the periodic table prior to the complete understanding of atomic structure.
Characteristics of Metal Oxide Diagram
- The graph indicates points where ΔG = 0 corresponds to phase changes, specifically melting or boiling points of metal oxides, while changes in slope reflect decomposition events.
Ore Identification and Matching
- Haematite corresponds to Fe2O3, Bauxite to Al2O3·xH2O, Magnetite to Fe3O4, and Malachite to CuCO3·Cu(OH)2.
Aluminum Extraction Chemistry
- Cryolite is a chemical added to lower the melting point in aluminum extraction processes.
Non-extracted Metal from Sulfide Ore
- Among given options, aluminum is not typically extracted from its sulfide ore, unlike lead, iron, or zinc.
Metal Refining Techniques
- In metallurgical refining, calcination is not a method typically used for refining metals, while liquation, electrolysis, and leaching are common methods.
Iron Ores Counting
- Among listed ores, a total of four principal iron ores can be identified from Bauxite, Siderite, and others.
Leaching Concentration Reactions
- Leaching is effectively illustrated by Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O → 2Na[Al(OH)4], where ore components are selectively extracted.
Definition of Gangue in Metallurgy
- "Gangue" refers to undesired earthy materials that contaminate ore, impacting metal extraction efficiency.
Liquation Process for Tin
- In tin liquation, the metal is brought to a molten state and flows on an incline, separating from impurities.
Hydrogen Compounds and Their Properties
- Ion conductivity follows the order Na+ > K+ > Rb+ > Cs+ based on ionic mobility in aqueous solutions.
Functional Groups in Ion-Exchange Resins
- Cation and anion exchange resins are characterized by -SO3H and -NH2 functional groups, respectively.
Solvay Process By-products
- During the Solvay process for ammonia recovery, NaHCO3 is a notable by-product formed.
Chemical Matching for Calcium Compounds
- Ca(OCl)2 is associated with bleach, CaSO4·H2O with plaster of paris, CaO with cement, and CaCO3 with antacid.
Flame Test Observations
- A green flame with a blue center during flame testing suggests the presence of Cu2+ ions among the mixture.
Alkali Metal Ionic Mobility
- Among alkaline earth metals, Be2+ has the lowest ionic mobility compared to Mg2+, Ca2+, and Sr2+ ions.
Chemical Confirmations via Flame Test
- Be cannot be confirmed qualitatively in flame tests due to the lack of a characteristic emission.
H2SO4 and BaO2 Reaction Products
- The reaction between H2SO4 and BaO2 yields BaHSO4 and O2.
BeCl2 and LiAlH4 Reaction Products
- The reaction yields beryllium hydride (BeH2) and other by-products like lithium chloride and aluminum chloride.
BeO and HF Reaction Characteristics
- BeO reacts with HF, further interaction leads to the formation of compounds that release ammonium fluorides upon decomposition.
These notes encapsulate key concepts relevant to chemical principles, ionization, electrochemistry, and metallurgy integral for students' understanding in preparatory contexts.
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Description
This quiz tests your ability to identify elements from their ionization energy values. You will analyze given ionization energy data and determine which elements correspond to X and Y, as well as their characteristics based on atomic numbers. Test your knowledge of periodic trends and element properties.
