Ionisation Energies Patterns in the Periodic Table
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Questions and Answers

Why does the first ionisation energy increase along a period?

  • Because of decreasing shielding
  • As a result of greater electrostatic forces of attraction (correct)
  • Due to an increasing atomic radius
  • Because of shielding effect
  • What causes the decrease in first ionisation energy down a group?

  • Decreasing atomic radius
  • Increasing shielding (correct)
  • Greater electrostatic forces of attraction
  • Decreasing shielding
  • Why does the first ionisation energy of Aluminium differ from the expected value?

  • Greater electrostatic forces of attraction
  • Decreasing shielding
  • Single pair of electrons with opposite spin (correct)
  • Due to decreasing atomic radius
  • What does a sudden large increase in successive ionization energies represent?

    <p>Change in energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is more energy required to remove an electron from an orbital closer to the nucleus?

    <p>Greater electrostatic forces of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the large energy increase in removing an electron closer to the nucleus provide evidence for?

    <p>Atomic orbital theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the instability of an atom with unpaired electrons?

    <p>Natural repulsion between unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, why does the electron configuration change from 3p⁴ to 3p³ 4s¹?

    <p>To improve stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ionisation energy defined as?

    <p>The energy needed to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do successive ionisation energies generally increase?

    <p>As more energy is required to overcome increased attraction between nucleus and outer electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electron arrangement is generally more stable?

    <p>Arrangement with a single pair of electrons with opposite spin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does increased electron pairing have on the stability of an atom?

    <p>Decreases stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to an atom when it forms an ion?

    <p>It loses or gains electrons and becomes charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Time of Flight (TOF) Mass Spectrometry?

    <p>To determine the overall relative atomic mass of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in Mass Spectrometry involves passing a high voltage over the chamber to ionize atoms?

    <p>Ionization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the Acceleration step in Mass Spectrometry?

    <p>Ions are accelerated towards a detection plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Mass Spectrometry, what role does the magnetic field play during Ion Drift?

    <p>It deflects ions into a curved path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at the Detection step in Mass Spectrometry?

    <p>Positively charged ions gain an electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

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