30 Questions
What term was commonly used for the field of I/O psychology prior to World War I?
Economic psychology
Who is credited with publishing the first book related to industrial/organizational psychology?
Hugo Munsterberg
What event provided I/O psychologists with the first opportunity for large-scale employee testing and selection?
World War I
Which branch of psychology applies the principles of psychology to the workplace?
Industrial/organizational psychology
What tests did John Watson develop during World War I?
Perceptual and motor tests for potential pilots
What were the two types of tests developed by I/O psychologists during World War I?
'Army Alpha' and 'Army Beta'
What defines an experiment?
Manipulation of one or more independent variables and random assignment of subjects
In an experiment, what is the group that receives training called?
Experimental group
What is the primary purpose of conducting research in I/O Psychology?
To answer questions and make decisions
What is a meta-analysis in the context of research?
A statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research
Which type of research involves using previously collected data to answer a research question?
Archival Research
What is the mean effect size in a meta-analysis used to indicate?
The effectiveness of a variable
What is the main difference between a structured interview and an unstructured interview?
Structured interviews involve standardized scoring, while unstructured interviews have no consistency in questions asked.
What is the purpose of creating a scoring key for interview answers?
To standardize the evaluation process across different interviewers.
Which type of interview involves multiple interviewers asking questions and evaluating answers of the same applicant at the same time?
Panel interview
What is the key characteristic of return interviews compared to serial interviews?
Return interviews have a passing of time between the first and subsequent interview.
In group interviews, what is the main scenario?
Multiple applicants answer questions during the same interview.
What is a distinguishing factor between one-on-one and serial interviews?
One-on-one interviews involve one interviewer interviewing one applicant, while serial interviews involve a series of single interviews.
Which statistical measure is used to show the relationship between two variables?
Correlation coefficient
What is a difference score (d) typically used for?
Assessing differences between two groups
In research, what is the purpose of a job description?
To summarize the tasks and job requirements found in the job analysis
Why is random assignment important when using convenience samples in research?
To decrease the chances of biased results
What is the purpose of debriefing participants at the end of an experiment?
To ensure they understand the purpose of the experiment and provide an opportunity for questions
How does job analysis contribute to employee selection processes?
By identifying job requirements that help in selecting appropriate tests or interview questions
What is one reason why Personality Inventories are becoming popular as an employee selection method?
They predict performance better than previously thought
Which of the following is the main purpose of Interest Inventories like the Strong Interest Inventory (SII)?
Measuring vocational interests
What information do Integrity tests provide to employers?
Probability of stealing money or merchandise
Why is it important for rejected job applicants to be treated well?
To maintain a positive employer reputation
Among the listed methods, which one is commonly used to assess vocational interests?
Strong Interest Inventory (SII)
What is a benefit of using Personality Inventories in employee selection?
Reducing adverse impact compared to ability tests
Study Notes
Introduction to I/O Psychology
- I/O Psychology applies principles of psychology to the workplace.
- Hugo Munsterberg published "Psychology and Industrial Efficiency" in 1913.
- Terms used before World War I: "economic psychology", "business psychology", and "employment psychology".
- The goal of I/O Psychology is to "enhance the dignity and performance of human beings, and the organizations they work in, by advancing the science and knowledge of human behavior" (Rucci, 2008).
Early Development of I/O Psychology
- 1917: Journal of Applied Psychology first published.
- 1918: World War I provided the first opportunity for large-scale employee testing and selection.
- Army Alpha and Army Beta tests were used for literate and illiterate individuals, respectively.
Employee Selection
- Personality Inventories: becoming increasingly popular, predict performance better, and result in less adverse impact.
- Interest Inventories: designed to tap vocational interests, e.g. Strong Interest Inventory (SII).
- Integrity tests: predict the probability of an applicant stealing.
- Reference checks and interviews are also used in employee selection.
Research Methods
- Experiments: manipulate one or more independent variables and random assignment of subjects to experimental and control conditions.
- Quasi-experiments: no random assignment, used to evaluate new programs.
- Archival Research: uses previously collected data or records to answer a research question.
- Surveys: ask people their opinion on a topic.
- Meta-analysis: a statistical method to reach conclusions based on previous research.
Research in I/O Psychology
- Conduct research to answer questions, make decisions, and understand everyday life.
- Research helps to critically evaluate results and make intelligent decisions.
Employment Interviews
- Types of interviews: structured, unstructured, one-on-one, serial, panel, and group interviews.
- Structured interview: job-related, standardized scoring, and asked to all applicants.
- Common pitfalls in interviews: poor intuitive ability, lack of job-relatedness, primacy effects, contrast effects, and negative-information bias.
Job Analysis
- Importance of job analysis: writing job descriptions, identifying requirements, and selecting tests or developing interview questions.
- Job description: a brief summary of the tasks and job requirements found in the job analysis.
- Random assignment is important when using convenience samples.
Explore the history and development of Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology with a focus on the key milestones and terminology. Learn about the publication of 'Psychology and Industrial Efficiency' by Hugo Munsterberg in 1913 and the evolution of terms in the field.
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