Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main reason why growth stocks typically pay low or no dividends?
What is the main reason why growth stocks typically pay low or no dividends?
What is a key characteristic of a value stock?
What is a key characteristic of a value stock?
What is the primary purpose of diversification in a portfolio?
What is the primary purpose of diversification in a portfolio?
What is the main difference between bonds and debentures in the Indian securities market?
What is the main difference between bonds and debentures in the Indian securities market?
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What is the "maturity" of a bond?
What is the "maturity" of a bond?
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What is the "coupon" of a bond?
What is the "coupon" of a bond?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a portfolio?
Which of the following is NOT a typical component of a portfolio?
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What is the key advantage of investing in a diversified portfolio?
What is the key advantage of investing in a diversified portfolio?
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Which of the following accurately describes a 'bullish' market trend?
Which of the following accurately describes a 'bullish' market trend?
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What is an ETF (Exchange Traded Fund)?
What is an ETF (Exchange Traded Fund)?
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What is the main difference between a 'long position' and a 'short position' in the stock market?
What is the main difference between a 'long position' and a 'short position' in the stock market?
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Which type of fund is ideal for short-term investors seeking higher returns, as an alternative to fixed deposits?
Which type of fund is ideal for short-term investors seeking higher returns, as an alternative to fixed deposits?
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When would an investor NOT be able to invest in a close-ended fund?
When would an investor NOT be able to invest in a close-ended fund?
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Which type of fund aims to minimize risk by diversifying between equities and debt instruments?
Which type of fund aims to minimize risk by diversifying between equities and debt instruments?
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What is the key characteristic of a Growth Plan in mutual funds?
What is the key characteristic of a Growth Plan in mutual funds?
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Which type of fund would be most appealing to investors seeking a secure investment with low risk?
Which type of fund would be most appealing to investors seeking a secure investment with low risk?
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What is the primary benefit of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)?
What is the primary benefit of a Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)?
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What is the primary difference between open-ended and close-ended funds?
What is the primary difference between open-ended and close-ended funds?
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Which type of fund is suitable for investors who need quick access to their capital?
Which type of fund is suitable for investors who need quick access to their capital?
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What was the main objective behind the creation of SEBI?
What was the main objective behind the creation of SEBI?
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What major change did the introduction of a screen-based trading system (SBTS) bring to the Indian securities market?
What major change did the introduction of a screen-based trading system (SBTS) bring to the Indian securities market?
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What was the primary issue addressed by the implementation of the T+2 days settlement cycle?
What was the primary issue addressed by the implementation of the T+2 days settlement cycle?
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What was the main objective behind the Depositories Act of 1996?
What was the main objective behind the Depositories Act of 1996?
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What problem did clearing corporations aim to address in the securities market?
What problem did clearing corporations aim to address in the securities market?
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Which of these changes involved the introduction of a new law?
Which of these changes involved the introduction of a new law?
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What was the main problem faced by the open outcry system used for stock trading in India before the introduction of SBTS?
What was the main problem faced by the open outcry system used for stock trading in India before the introduction of SBTS?
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How did demutualization impact the stock exchanges in India?
How did demutualization impact the stock exchanges in India?
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What is the primary purpose of an arbitration mechanism in relation to investor complaints?
What is the primary purpose of an arbitration mechanism in relation to investor complaints?
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Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between risk and potential returns in equity investments?
Which of the following accurately describes the relationship between risk and potential returns in equity investments?
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What is the primary factor that influences the price of a growth stock?
What is the primary factor that influences the price of a growth stock?
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What is a significant characteristic of a value stock?
What is a significant characteristic of a value stock?
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What is a 'market-specific' factor that can influence stock prices?
What is a 'market-specific' factor that can influence stock prices?
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What is the primary purpose of researching equity markets and individual stocks before investing?
What is the primary purpose of researching equity markets and individual stocks before investing?
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What is the main difference between a growth stock and a value stock?
What is the main difference between a growth stock and a value stock?
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When should an investor file a reference to arbitration for a dispute with a company?
When should an investor file a reference to arbitration for a dispute with a company?
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What is the minimum age requirement for a sub-broker?
What is the minimum age requirement for a sub-broker?
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Which of the following must a sub-broker have passed to be eligible for registration?
Which of the following must a sub-broker have passed to be eligible for registration?
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What type of entities can be eligible to become trading members of the Exchange?
What type of entities can be eligible to become trading members of the Exchange?
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What is the role of a sub-broker in the capital market?
What is the role of a sub-broker in the capital market?
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How can an investor verify if a broker is registered with SEBI?
How can an investor verify if a broker is registered with SEBI?
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What is a requirement for an entity to be granted a certificate of registration as a stock broker?
What is a requirement for an entity to be granted a certificate of registration as a stock broker?
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What happens to the status of a stock broker if there is a change in its constitution?
What happens to the status of a stock broker if there is a change in its constitution?
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Which of the following is NOT an eligibility criterion for a sub-broker?
Which of the following is NOT an eligibility criterion for a sub-broker?
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Flashcards
SEBI
SEBI
Securities and Exchange Board of India, regulating securities markets.
Screen Based Trading
Screen Based Trading
Automated trading system introduced by NSE for efficiency and transparency.
T+2 Settlement Cycle
T+2 Settlement Cycle
Trading cycle with settlement in two days, established in April 2003.
Dematerialisation
Dematerialisation
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Depositories Act, 1996
Depositories Act, 1996
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NSDL and CDSL
NSDL and CDSL
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National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd.
National Securities Clearing Corporation Ltd.
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Market Regulator
Market Regulator
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SEBI Registration for Stock Brokers
SEBI Registration for Stock Brokers
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Conditions for Stock Broker Registration
Conditions for Stock Broker Registration
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Eligible Trading Members
Eligible Trading Members
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Broker Registration Verification
Broker Registration Verification
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Role of Sub-Brokers
Role of Sub-Brokers
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Sub-Broker Eligibility
Sub-Broker Eligibility
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Precautions in Stock Market Investment
Precautions in Stock Market Investment
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Membership Abidance
Membership Abidance
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Arbitration
Arbitration
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Equities
Equities
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Long-term equity returns
Long-term equity returns
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High-risk investments
High-risk investments
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Stock-specific factors
Stock-specific factors
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Market-specific factors
Market-specific factors
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Growth Stocks
Growth Stocks
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Investment study
Investment study
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Liquid Funds
Liquid Funds
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Gilt Funds
Gilt Funds
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Balanced Funds
Balanced Funds
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Open-ended Funds
Open-ended Funds
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Closed-ended Funds
Closed-ended Funds
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Growth Plan in Mutual Funds
Growth Plan in Mutual Funds
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Dividend Plan in Mutual Funds
Dividend Plan in Mutual Funds
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Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
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ETFs
ETFs
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Dividends
Dividends
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Bull Market
Bull Market
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Bear Market
Bear Market
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52 Week High
52 Week High
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52 Week Low
52 Week Low
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Long Position
Long Position
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Short Position
Short Position
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Value Stocks
Value Stocks
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Portfolio
Portfolio
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Diversification
Diversification
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Debt Instrument
Debt Instrument
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Maturity of a Bond
Maturity of a Bond
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Coupon
Coupon
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Intrinsic Value
Intrinsic Value
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Investment Assets
Investment Assets
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Study Notes
Investment Basics
- Investment is using saved money to generate a return in the future.
- Money earned is partly spent and the rest saved for future expenses.
Why Invest?
- Investment is needed to earn returns on idle resources.
- Investment can generate a specified amount of money for a specific goal.
- Investment provides a means to prepare for future uncertain events like inflation.
Inflation
- Inflation is the rate at which the cost of living increases.
- Inflation causes money to lose value over time.
- A 6% inflation rate for 20 years significantly increases the cost of goods.
Investment Options
- Physical assets like real estate, gold, and jewellery are investment options.
- Real estate and gold investing can be challenging but potentially rewarding, requiring patience and time.
- Gold prices increased from Rs. 88 in 1947 to nearly Rs. 75,000 in 2024, indicating considerable long-term growth (∼9% CAGR).
Comparison of Investment Options
- Equity investments need a relatively small initial investment.
- Gold investments also require a significant amount of capital.
- Real estate demands a high initial investment, especially to rent out property or land.
Short-term Financial Options
- Savings bank accounts usually offer low interest rates (4-5% p.a).
- Fixed deposits from banks are also known as term deposits and have minimum investment periods of 30 days or more.
- Interest rates on short-term deposits may be lower than money market fund returns.
Long-term Financial Options
- Post Office Savings accounts offer a 8% annual interest rate, paid monthly.
- Public Provident Funds (PPF) are long-term savings instruments with a 15-year maturity and an 8% interest rate annually.
- Bonds and debentures, long-term fixed-income instruments, are issued by governments and private companies.
Mutual Funds
- Mutual funds pool money from investors and invest in a selection of assets (e.g., stocks, bonds, etc)
- Mutual Fund units trade based on their Net Asset Value (NAV) (calculated during each trading session).
- Senior Citizen Savings Scheme (SCSS) is available for individuals aged 55 and above, offering 8.20% interest payable quarterly.
Stock Exchange
- The Securities Contract (Regulation) Act, 1956 defines a stock exchange as an entity for assisting, regulating, or controlling buying/selling of securities.
- A stock represents a fractional ownership in a company (a share).
- Shareholders share in the company's profits.
Primary and Secondary Markets
- The primary market is for issuing new securities (stocks, bonds).
- The secondary market involves the buying and selling of existing securities.
- Major stock exchanges in India include the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE).
Regulator: SEBI
- SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is responsible for protecting investor interests, developing the securities market, and regulating the market.
Key Market Participants
- Issuers are entities seeking capital (e.g. corporations and governments).
- Underwriters (typically investment banks) assist issuers with selling securities to the public.
- Investors are individuals or institutions that buy securities.
IPOs and Other Issues
- IPO (Initial Public Offering) is when an unlisted company issues shares to the public for the first time.
- Further Issues occur when a company with already listed shares makes another public offering.
- Rights Issues are offerings to existing shareholders before general public.
- Preferential Issues are private offerings to specific groups of investors.
Allotment and Refunds
- Allotment of shares in an IPO/offer for sale is typically within 8 days from the issue close date.
- Refunds for un-allotted shares are processed within 2 working days of the allotment outcome.
Key Indicators of the Securities Market
- Market indices (such as S&P BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty) reflect price trends in the stock market.
- Market capitalization refers to the total value of a company's outstanding shares.
- Stock trading occurs within defined market segments (e.g., capital market, derivative market).
Stock Trading
- Trading in stock exchanges used to employ open outcry and has transitioned to screen-based trading for efficient liquidity.
- NSE utilizes satellite communications technology for trading.
Stock Brokers
- Stock brokers act as intermediaries between buyers/sellers of securities.
- SEBI regulates brokers and defines criteria for registration, including eligibility, infrastructure, and experience.
Sub-Brokers
- Sub-brokers act as agents for registered stock brokers, assisting clients in buying and selling securities.
- Eligibility standards for a sub-broker are regulated by SEBI.
Precautions Before Investing
- Ensure the broker is registered with SEBI and exchanges.
- The maximum permissible brokerage fee is 2.5% of the purchase/sale value.
- Review contract notes of transactions for verification.
- Understand the risk associated with market investments.
- Study company fundamentals and market updates.
Broker-Client Relationship
- Trading members need to execute agreements, typically on non-judicial stamped paper.
- Know Your Client (KYC) procedures to protect investor financial details, and security.
- Unique client codes aid in investor identification and transactions.
Investor Service Cell and Arbitration
- The investor service cell (ISC) handles investor complaints about trading members/companies.
- Arbitration is an alternate dispute resolution method, providing a quasi-judicial process.
Why Invest in Equities?
- Equities (stocks) have the potential for long-term capital appreciation, outpacing many other investment types.
- Equity investments, ideally, should be thoroughly researched by the investor before making any decisions.
Factors Influencing Stock Price
- Stock-specific factors relate to company expectations, financial health, and management skills.
- Market-specific factors are influenced by broader economic and investor sentiment.
Growth vs Value Stocks
- Growth stocks highlight companies with significant earnings and sales potential, generally paying fewer dividends.
- Value stocks are those overlooked by investors but have intrinsic worth higher than their current market price.
Portfolio
- A portfolio is a compilation of different investments to achieve a specific goal.
- Diversification is a risk management technique to balance investments across various asset types.
Debt Investment
- Debt instruments (bonds and debentures) represent a lending agreement with predetermined terms for interest rate and repayment dates.
- Key features of debt instruments involve maturity date, coupon rate of interest, and principal amount.
- Debt market participation is primarily from institutional investors.
Mutual Funds
- Mutual funds consolidate money from several investors to create a diversified portfolio of investments.
- Investment experts (fund managers) manage these funds, and the fund house (AMC) charges a fee.
Different Types of Mutual Funds
- Diversified funds: Invest across various sectors, suitable for balanced risk tolerance.
- Sector funds: Focus on particular sectors for appreciation, but riskier.
- Index funds: Mimic market indices, aiming for market-rate returns.
- Tax-saving funds: Offer tax benefits.
- Debt funds: Primarily invest in bonds, offering regular income and capital preservation.
- Liquid funds: Offer high liquidity and are ideal for short-term cash management.
- Balanced funds: Combine equity and debt investments for lower and steadier returns.
NAV (Net Asset Value)
- NAV is the per-unit market value of a mutual fund's assets.
- This is essential in evaluating a fund's performance.
- High NAVs do not necessarily represent improved investment prospects.
ETF (Exchange Traded Funds)
- ETFs are baskets of stocks similar to index funds but trade on stock exchanges at market prices.
- ETFs provide diversified, low-cost, and liquid market exposure suitable for various investors.
- ETFs may pay dividends on company stocks in which they have an investment.
Market Terminologies:
- Bull market: Implies rising stock prices;
- Bear market: Indicates falling stock prices;
- 52-week high/low: Reports extreme price points for a stock over a year;
- Long position: Indicates a belief that stock prices will increase;
- Short position: Indicates a belief that stock prices will decrease;
- Square off: Means closing a particular position (either long or short);
- Intraday position: Taking a trading position that is expected to be squared off within a day;
- Volumes: The total number of transactions of a stock in a day
- Circuit breakers: A system that halts trading in response to large price drops in stock markets.
Corporate Actions
- Corporate actions refer to activities like dividends, mergers, acquisitions, or bonus issues, which can affect a company's stock price.
- Dividends are distributions of a company's profits to shareholders.
- Dividend yield is a ratio between the annual dividend and the current stock price.
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Description
Test your knowledge on fundamental investment concepts such as growth and value stocks, bonds, and portfolio diversification. This quiz covers key characteristics, advantages, and market trends that every investor should understand. Perfect for beginners and those looking to refresh their investment knowledge.