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Questions and Answers
Which type of bond is typically used to fund a specific public works project?
Which type of bond is typically used to fund a specific public works project?
Municipal bonds are subject to federal tax.
Municipal bonds are subject to federal tax.
False (B)
What are the three typical components of life insurance?
What are the three typical components of life insurance?
death benefit, premium payment, and cash value
A ______ revenue pledge means that bondholders will be paid first.
A ______ revenue pledge means that bondholders will be paid first.
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Match the bond or investment type with its term length:
Match the bond or investment type with its term length:
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Which investment stage involves investing in high-risk assets like penny stocks?
Which investment stage involves investing in high-risk assets like penny stocks?
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The 'Put and Take' stage of investing involves high-risk investments for rapid growth.
The 'Put and Take' stage of investing involves high-risk investments for rapid growth.
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What is one especially good source for financial information, according to the text?
What is one especially good source for financial information, according to the text?
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In Roth IRAs, money is not tax free when deposited but can be ______ tax free after 5 years.
In Roth IRAs, money is not tax free when deposited but can be ______ tax free after 5 years.
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Match the following investment stages with their descriptions:
Match the following investment stages with their descriptions:
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What is the annual IRA contribution limit for people over 50?
What is the annual IRA contribution limit for people over 50?
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Withdrawals from an IRA can be made at any age without penalty.
Withdrawals from an IRA can be made at any age without penalty.
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What is the name for the form that provides an account's Yearly Results according to the SEC
What is the name for the form that provides an account's Yearly Results according to the SEC
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What is a qualified employer-sponsored retirement plan called?
What is a qualified employer-sponsored retirement plan called?
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Money cannot be transferred from other retirement accounts to IRAs quietly without any tax penalties
Money cannot be transferred from other retirement accounts to IRAs quietly without any tax penalties
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What is objective risk also called?
What is objective risk also called?
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Market makers primarily operate in exchange markets rather than OTC markets.
Market makers primarily operate in exchange markets rather than OTC markets.
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What is the source of profits for a market maker?
What is the source of profits for a market maker?
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The date in which new investors are ineligible for dividends is the ______ date.
The date in which new investors are ineligible for dividends is the ______ date.
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Match the following IPO agreement types with their description:
Match the following IPO agreement types with their description:
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A regular way settlement for corporate stocks is how many days after the sale?
A regular way settlement for corporate stocks is how many days after the sale?
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For treasury securities, the settlement date is two days after the trade date.
For treasury securities, the settlement date is two days after the trade date.
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What date comes two days prior to the record date?
What date comes two days prior to the record date?
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The ______ date is when a company announces that they will pay a dividend.
The ______ date is when a company announces that they will pay a dividend.
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What is the formula for current yield?
What is the formula for current yield?
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Duration is always greater than the years to maturity of a bond
Duration is always greater than the years to maturity of a bond
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In what scenario is a stop limit order activated?
In what scenario is a stop limit order activated?
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Series EE bonds are guaranteed to ______ in value.
Series EE bonds are guaranteed to ______ in value.
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Which NASDAQ quotation level gives access to market makers
Which NASDAQ quotation level gives access to market makers
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Savings bonds are subject to state and local taxes.
Savings bonds are subject to state and local taxes.
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Which of the following is an example of a money market debt instrument?
Which of the following is an example of a money market debt instrument?
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Financial assets represent the true wealth of an economy because they provide net income.
Financial assets represent the true wealth of an economy because they provide net income.
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What are the two main decisions investors must make regarding their portfolio?
What are the two main decisions investors must make regarding their portfolio?
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________ are securities whose value is derived from the performance of other assets.
________ are securities whose value is derived from the performance of other assets.
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Match the following financial market participants with their primary role:
Match the following financial market participants with their primary role:
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What is a potential solution to the agency problem in corporations?
What is a potential solution to the agency problem in corporations?
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In a proxy contest, shareholders attempt to override the board of directors.
In a proxy contest, shareholders attempt to override the board of directors.
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What is the role of financial intermediaries in financial markets?
What is the role of financial intermediaries in financial markets?
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The 2008 financial crisis was fueled by a boom in the ________ market and mass securitization.
The 2008 financial crisis was fueled by a boom in the ________ market and mass securitization.
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Which of the following is an example of a capital market security?
Which of the following is an example of a capital market security?
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What are the two main components of a mutual fund's total return?
What are the two main components of a mutual fund's total return?
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Net Asset Value (NAV) is always the best way to measure fund performance because it reflects the actual value of the fund.
Net Asset Value (NAV) is always the best way to measure fund performance because it reflects the actual value of the fund.
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What is one way to avoid tax headaches when investing in mutual funds?
What is one way to avoid tax headaches when investing in mutual funds?
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Distributions from mutual funds are typically taxed as ______ gains.
Distributions from mutual funds are typically taxed as ______ gains.
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Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
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What happens to a fund's NAV when it makes a distribution to shareholders?
What happens to a fund's NAV when it makes a distribution to shareholders?
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High turnover funds are generally more tax-efficient than low turnover funds.
High turnover funds are generally more tax-efficient than low turnover funds.
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Which of the following professionals is a source for purchasing mutual funds?
Which of the following professionals is a source for purchasing mutual funds?
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What is the primary goal of redemption fees charged on mutual funds?
What is the primary goal of redemption fees charged on mutual funds?
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Bond duration is the number of years for a bond to reach maturity from its issue date.
Bond duration is the number of years for a bond to reach maturity from its issue date.
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What name is given to securities that cannot be sold in the marketplaces since they are bought for investment and not resale?
What name is given to securities that cannot be sold in the marketplaces since they are bought for investment and not resale?
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Investment banks earn a profit between the purchase and sale price of bonds they underwrite, and this profit is called the __________.
Investment banks earn a profit between the purchase and sale price of bonds they underwrite, and this profit is called the __________.
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Match the following bond types with their description:
Match the following bond types with their description:
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Which investment strategy involves investing a fixed amount regularly, typically monthly, regardless of market conditions?
Which investment strategy involves investing a fixed amount regularly, typically monthly, regardless of market conditions?
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Bonds bought on exchanges usually have lower markups than those bought over the counter (OTC).
Bonds bought on exchanges usually have lower markups than those bought over the counter (OTC).
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When the price of a bond goes above its face value, what term is used to describe its trading status?
When the price of a bond goes above its face value, what term is used to describe its trading status?
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The risk that the profits of an investment will be reinvested at a lower interest rate, leading to lower returns, is known as __________ risk.
The risk that the profits of an investment will be reinvested at a lower interest rate, leading to lower returns, is known as __________ risk.
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Which of the following actions will result in the bond taking less time since there is more money coming at each period?
Which of the following actions will result in the bond taking less time since there is more money coming at each period?
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Treasury bonds have maturities ranging from one to ten years
Treasury bonds have maturities ranging from one to ten years
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What are municipal bond debentures called?
What are municipal bond debentures called?
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Treasury bonds (T Bonds) pay interest __________.
Treasury bonds (T Bonds) pay interest __________.
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Match the bond term to what it means:
Match the bond term to what it means:
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What is the best way to invest in mutual funds for individual investors?
What is the best way to invest in mutual funds for individual investors?
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Flashcards
Investments
Investments
Current commitments of money with expected future returns.
Real Assets
Real Assets
Tangible assets that provide net income and create wealth.
Fixed Income Assets
Fixed Income Assets
Assets providing a consistent income stream based on a formula.
Derivatives
Derivatives
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Portfolio
Portfolio
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Agency Problems
Agency Problems
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Capital Allocation
Capital Allocation
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Financial Intermediaries
Financial Intermediaries
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Venture Capital
Venture Capital
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Securitization
Securitization
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Treasury Bills
Treasury Bills
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Municipal Bonds
Municipal Bonds
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General Obligation Bonds
General Obligation Bonds
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Mortgage-Backed Securities
Mortgage-Backed Securities
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Life Insurance Components
Life Insurance Components
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Total Return
Total Return
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Income in Yield
Income in Yield
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NAV (Net Asset Value)
NAV (Net Asset Value)
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Impact of Distributions on NAV
Impact of Distributions on NAV
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Capital Gains Taxes
Capital Gains Taxes
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High Turnover Funds
High Turnover Funds
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Tax-Loss Carryforwards
Tax-Loss Carryforwards
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Tax Managed Funds
Tax Managed Funds
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Risk
Risk
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Objective Risk
Objective Risk
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Bid
Bid
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Ask
Ask
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Market Value
Market Value
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IPO: Firm Commitment
IPO: Firm Commitment
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IPO: Best Efforts
IPO: Best Efforts
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Yield to Maturity
Yield to Maturity
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Duration
Duration
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Series EE Bonds
Series EE Bonds
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Series I Bonds
Series I Bonds
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Ex-Dividend Date
Ex-Dividend Date
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Trade Date
Trade Date
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Settlement Date
Settlement Date
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Cash Transactions
Cash Transactions
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Put and Take
Put and Take
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Accumulation Stage
Accumulation Stage
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Systematic Investing
Systematic Investing
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Strategic Investing
Strategic Investing
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Speculative Investing
Speculative Investing
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Sources of Financial Information
Sources of Financial Information
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IRA Contributions
IRA Contributions
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IRA Withdrawals
IRA Withdrawals
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Employer Sponsored Plans
Employer Sponsored Plans
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Roth IRA
Roth IRA
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Load Funds
Load Funds
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No-Load Funds
No-Load Funds
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Dollar Cost Averaging
Dollar Cost Averaging
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Market Timing
Market Timing
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Expense Ratio
Expense Ratio
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Bond Duration
Bond Duration
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Redemption Fees
Redemption Fees
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Face Value
Face Value
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Coupon Rate
Coupon Rate
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Collateral
Collateral
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Secured Bonds
Secured Bonds
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Unsecured Bonds (Debentures)
Unsecured Bonds (Debentures)
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Treasury Bonds
Treasury Bonds
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Study Notes
Investments
- Investments are current commitments of money in expectations of future returns
- Financial assets are claims in real assets
- Real assets provide net income; when these assets and liabilities are cancelled out, real assets are the only true wealth of the economy
- Fixed income assets provide a stream of income based on a specific formula, these can vary on different maturities and payment provisions
- Money market debt is short term, highly marketable, and low risk (T-bills, CDs)
- Capital market securities are treasury bonds and junk bonds and are riskier and longer term
- Equity assets are an ownership share in a firm and performance is directly tied to the firm's performance
- Derivatives are securities whose value depends on the performance of other assets
- Investors also trade real assets such as commodities
- Stock prices measure the general opinion of investors on firms
- Financial assets are used to store excess income
- Firms acting in the best interest of the shareholders encourage proper allocation
Financial Intermediaries
- Financial intermediaries have almost all financial assets and a diversified portfolio of investments
- Investment companies pool, research, and invest money into portfolios
- Investment bankers sell securities to the public through public offerings
- Venture capital and private equity firms invest in private and startup companies
- The 2008 financial crisis was caused by a boom in the housing market which fueled mass securitization by Fannie and Freddie
- Insurance for these called credit default swaps also came
- Financial assets determine how the ownership of real assets is distributed among investors.
The Money Market
- The money market is a subsector of the debt market and is traded in large quantities so it's out of reach to retail investors
- Treasury bills are the safest and most marketable money market securities
- Investors buy these at a discount to maturity and get the face value at maturity
- The maturities are 4, 13, 26, 52 weeks and are highly liquid
- Certificates of deposit are time deposits in banks and cannot be withdrawn until the period is over and pay interest
Broking and Trading
- Brokers call are funds borrowed from banks
- Federal funds are the bank deposits with the federal reserve
- Banks lend to meet reserve requirements
- Money market securities are usually safe havens for investors
- T bonds are government securities that have maturities from 10 to 30 years
- T notes have maturities up to 10 years
Investment Fundamentals
- Transactions are conducted on primary and secondary markets
- Private transactions are done through private placement
- A firm commitment is the typical underwriting agreement, where the investment bank buys the securities and sells them to the public
- Shelf registration is the gradual sale of securities to the market
- Bankers go on roadshows and engage in book building by trying to attract investment interest
- Dealer markets have a go between person called a dealer
- Direct search markets are unregulated and OTC
- Brokered markets have brokers that act as agents
Essentials of Investment
- Unit investment trusts are unmanaged fixed portfolios
- These trusts have a life
- Comingled funds are investors who pool their money together and give it to a manager
- Mutual funds are at a pass through status in that taxes are paid by the investor
- ETFs are portfolios that are traded like stocks
- Bonds are IOUs and periodically pay interest payments called Coupon Payments
- Bonds are typically sold in denominations of 1000
- Accrued interest is crucial for the actual price of the bond and is added to the stated price
- Most bonds are bought through a computer quotation system
- Bonds with high bond ratings have lower YTMs
- Callable bonds give issuers the option to repurchase bonds
- Convertible bonds have the ability to convert to shares and lower interest rates and YTMs
- Puttable bonds allow bondholders to extend or exchange bonds
- Floating rate bonds have interest rates tied to market conditions
- Preferred stock is a fixed income investment that provides a fixed dividend
Risk Management and Insurance
- Risk is the defined uncertainty concerning the occurrence of a loss
- Objective risk is how much the actual loss varies from the expected loss
- Investment terminology covers two key domestic exchanges: NYSE and American Stock Exchange
- Five regional exchanges for stocks include: Boston, Chicago, Cincinatti, Pacific, Philadelphia stock exchanges
- Specialists or designated market makers determine bid/ask prices for each security
- Market makers usually focus on OTC markets
- Securities firms can act as agents or principals when trading on an exchange
Investment Fundamentals: Savings
- Savings are what is left after expenditures in disposable income
- People can invest or save with savings bonds
- These are bonds guaranteed by the US Treasury
- They are not subject to State or Local Taxes
- There are guaranteed to double in value
- Another type is Series I Bonds that are non-marketable and have variable inflation rate
- Investment fundamentals cover stages of investing
- Put and Take is when you put your money in a checking account
- Accumulation is when you gather money
- Strategic investing is when the investor slowly funds his account with an amount periodically
Financial Information
- There are many and good sources for financial information
- One good source is the SEC with forms like 10-K, 10-Q, and forms 3, 4, and 5
- Another place is company websites that store earnings and news
- Analysts also provide reports
Individual Savings Accounts
- Retirement Accounts can either be sponsored by an employer or it can be sponsored by an individual investor, these accounts are usually tax deductible.
- People can invest up to 5500 or 6500 dollars in an IRA per year
- IRA withdrawals have penalties in most circumstances unless it is for financial hardship, the withdrawals can only be made when terminating an IRA or financial hardship
Pensions
- Two types of pensions are defined benefit and defined contribution
- Defined benefits are increasingly rare
Taxes
- Many investment wrappers are tax deferred
- When withdrawing income from a pension, 25% of the money is tax-free.
- The main taxes include income tax, savings tax, and capital gains taxes
Loans
- Debt is an investment security and those securities are called bonds
- Corporate debt can be secured or unsecured.
- Mortgages are secured by a house
Mortgages
- Mortgage backed securities are mortgages
- They securitize it and place it in its own corporation
Life Insurance
- Life insurance protects the dependents of someone in the case of an expected death.
Unit Investment Trusts
- Unit investment trusts are hybrids of closed and open investment companies
- They have a date in which they will dissolve.
Opened-ended investment companies
- These do not have restrictions on the number of shares that can be issued.
- Shares are bought and sold based on NAV
- A board of directors defines the funds offered to the public.
- A custodian is responsible for the possession of the securities purchased.
- An investment advisor invests the money in the fund.
- A transfer agent manages share issuance.
- Dealer actually do the work of the sponsors.
- Funds can be specialized in different ways.
Pricing, Dealing, and Settlement
- Open mutual funds are usually priced based on NAV.
- Closed mutual funds are priced based on supply and demand
Investment Trusts/Closed-ended Funds
- Closed Ended funds are another option in investing
- Their price moves with supply and demand
- They can trade at premiums or discount.
- They can use leverage.
- They are often designed for income.
- These usually have higher fees
- Closed end funds have initial public offering of shares
- They have specialized portfolios.
- The shares of a fund are not redeemed by the fund.
- They are managed by an investment advisor
Stock Market
- The stock market is one of two main ways for companies to raise money.
- The stock market allows the public to get higher returns.
- Stock market boosts the economy with companies using the capital.
Stock Tables
- Stock tables are read for investment information
Interest (Compound and Simple)
- You can find the number of years it takes to double your money using compound interest
- Compound interest makes the stock market different from other markets in that it compounds
- Other investments do not compound other than bonds, currency, commodity markets
Financial Services and Markets
- After the crash of 1929, the federal government increased financial regulations
- The Securities Act of 1933
- The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
- The Investment Advisors Act of 1940
Financial Crime
- Many common types of financial crime include insider trading, embezzlement, tax fraud, insurance fraud, identity theft, money laundering, and credit card fraud
- Market manipulation
- Market abuse
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Description
Test your knowledge on different types of investments and financial bonds, including municipal bonds, life insurance components, and IRA regulations. This quiz covers key concepts and terms crucial for understanding personal finance and investment strategies.