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Questions and Answers
What significant gains did high dose participants show compared to low dose participants at 6 months?
What significant gains did high dose participants show compared to low dose participants at 6 months?
In the investigation of psilocybin doses, what was used to measure the effects on normal volunteers?
In the investigation of psilocybin doses, what was used to measure the effects on normal volunteers?
What enduring changes can psilocybin cause according to the text?
What enduring changes can psilocybin cause according to the text?
What were the effects on depression and anxiety within-group across 4 studies involving 117 subjects?
What were the effects on depression and anxiety within-group across 4 studies involving 117 subjects?
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What significant gains did high dose participants show compared to low dose participants related to spirituality at 6 months?
What significant gains did high dose participants show compared to low dose participants related to spirituality at 6 months?
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In placebo-controlled studies, what were the pre-post effects on depression and anxiety compared to the placebo group?
In placebo-controlled studies, what were the pre-post effects on depression and anxiety compared to the placebo group?
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What is the primary neurotransmitter locus that Psilocybin affects?
What is the primary neurotransmitter locus that Psilocybin affects?
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Which neurotransmitter loci do SSRIs and SNRIs primarily affect?
Which neurotransmitter loci do SSRIs and SNRIs primarily affect?
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Which compound was used as a comparison to high dose psilocybin in the double-blind study mentioned?
Which compound was used as a comparison to high dose psilocybin in the double-blind study mentioned?
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What type of experiences does psilocybin cause when combined with meditation?
What type of experiences does psilocybin cause when combined with meditation?
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What type of changes were observed in psychological functioning after the use of psilocybin?
What type of changes were observed in psychological functioning after the use of psilocybin?
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What did the Psilocybin experience involve besides drug effects?
What did the Psilocybin experience involve besides drug effects?
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What type of health behavior engagement can psychedelics promote, based on the text?
What type of health behavior engagement can psychedelics promote, based on the text?
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Which substance is mentioned as a potent and long-lasting antidepressant in the text?
Which substance is mentioned as a potent and long-lasting antidepressant in the text?
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Which treatment can bring about the cessation of depression within hours?
Which treatment can bring about the cessation of depression within hours?
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Which Toronto-based service offers integrated ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression?
Which Toronto-based service offers integrated ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression?
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In the context of psychedelic therapy, what is the usual length of a 'trip' with MDMA treatment at Remedy?
In the context of psychedelic therapy, what is the usual length of a 'trip' with MDMA treatment at Remedy?
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What type of disorder has MDMA been particularly effective with, as mentioned in the text?
What type of disorder has MDMA been particularly effective with, as mentioned in the text?
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What breakthrough findings were achieved by Griffith with LSD research?
What breakthrough findings were achieved by Griffith with LSD research?
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What did Harvard's psychology department under D. McClelland do regarding LSD-based research?
What did Harvard's psychology department under D. McClelland do regarding LSD-based research?
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What role did Richard Alpert, PhD, play after being fired from Harvard faculty?
What role did Richard Alpert, PhD, play after being fired from Harvard faculty?
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What key components were part of the excellent research designs in the LSD research mentioned?
What key components were part of the excellent research designs in the LSD research mentioned?
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What difficulties did Harvard's LSD-based research face that led to its shutdown?
What difficulties did Harvard's LSD-based research face that led to its shutdown?
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What is the purpose of undergoing 3 blood infusions of ketamine in the treatment protocol described in the text?
What is the purpose of undergoing 3 blood infusions of ketamine in the treatment protocol described in the text?
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What distinguishes a 'microdose' from a regular dose of a substance as per popular protocols mentioned in the text?
What distinguishes a 'microdose' from a regular dose of a substance as per popular protocols mentioned in the text?
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What do individuals who engage in 'microdosing' with psychedelics primarily seek based on the text?
What do individuals who engage in 'microdosing' with psychedelics primarily seek based on the text?
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What is the focus of the systematic narrative review mentioned in the text by Sandra J. Drozdz and colleagues?
What is the focus of the systematic narrative review mentioned in the text by Sandra J. Drozdz and colleagues?
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What was the goal of conducting semi-structured interviews as part of an investigation detailed in the text?
What was the goal of conducting semi-structured interviews as part of an investigation detailed in the text?
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What is the duration of a typical ketamine treatment at the Canadian Rapid Treatment Centre of Excellence?
What is the duration of a typical ketamine treatment at the Canadian Rapid Treatment Centre of Excellence?
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Who offers integrated ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression in Toronto, based on the text?
Who offers integrated ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression in Toronto, based on the text?
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In the 1950s, where did the research on psychedelics begin?
In the 1950s, where did the research on psychedelics begin?
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In Harvard's LSD research, what disorder did LSD show effectiveness in treating across decades?
In Harvard's LSD research, what disorder did LSD show effectiveness in treating across decades?
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What is the primary focus of Toronto-based service 'Remedy' in terms of treatment?
What is the primary focus of Toronto-based service 'Remedy' in terms of treatment?
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What were the results, in terms of Hedges g, for pre-post effects on depression and anxiety across 3 placebo-controlled studies?
What were the results, in terms of Hedges g, for pre-post effects on depression and anxiety across 3 placebo-controlled studies?
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Which neurotransmitter loci do SSRIs and SNRIs primarily affect?
Which neurotransmitter loci do SSRIs and SNRIs primarily affect?
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In the investigation of psilocybin doses with normal volunteers, what was the highest dose administered per 70 kg?
In the investigation of psilocybin doses with normal volunteers, what was the highest dose administered per 70 kg?
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What kind of changes were observed in psychological functioning after the use of psilocybin based on the text?
What kind of changes were observed in psychological functioning after the use of psilocybin based on the text?
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What type of behaviors originate from support for spiritual experiences according to the text?
What type of behaviors originate from support for spiritual experiences according to the text?
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Study Notes
Psychedelics and Health Behaviour Engagement
- Psychedelics can promote health behaviour engagement, including mindfulness-based interventions, aerobics, diet, and alcohol abstention for problem drinkers.
- Psilocybin, a potent and long-lasting antidepressant, can also treat other addictions.
Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy
- Ketamine infusions can bring about the cessation of depression within hours or days, but with inconsistencies in duration effects.
- MDMA has been especially effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder.
- LSD is effective in treating alcoholism disorders and drinking cessation.
Toronto-Based Services
- Field Trip offers integrated ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression, anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
- Remedy provides MDMA treatment based on randomized controlled trials, with a therapist available for 8 hours to support strong emotions or somatic experiences.
Research History
- Research began in the 1950s in a Canadian facility, with H. Osmond, MD, and A. Hoffer, MD, treating patients with LSD in 1953.
- By the end of the 1960s, they treated 2,000 patients with consistent results, with one large LSD dose being effective in the treatment of alcoholism (~ 40-45% of cases).
Research Difficulties
- Research difficulties followed due to Harvard adopting LSD-based research, which resulted in experimentation with grad and undergrad students.
- Harvard's psychology department shut down research and confiscated drugs, leading to Leary continuing experimentation with LSD under the International Foundation for Internal Freedom (IFIF).
Breakthrough Findings
- Griffith's research transformed the area into "useful" research with breakthrough findings, using excellent research designs, including randomization, dose-response curve comparisons, and careful investigation of meaning and mood effects.
Psilocybin Research
- Psilocybin affects different serotonin neurotransmitters than SSRIs or SNRIs, primarily affecting the 5HT-2A neurotransmitter.
- Psilocybin produces a chemical impact that may reflect a lengthy history of use, with imagery on Spanish prehistoric murals and rock paintings suggesting use predates recorded history.
- Psilocybin can cause enduring trait-like changes in positive prosocial attitudes and healthy psychological functioning.
Microdosing
- Microdosing involves dividing 7 days into microdose days and microdose-free days, with a microdose being lower than the dose that changes visual and other sensory perceptions.
- Individuals who microdose often seek "sufficient" drug effects and envision achieving "changes" that render further intake unnecessary.
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Description
Explore the impact of different psilocybin doses and levels of support on spiritual practices through attitudinal-behavioral tests in a study involving 75 normal volunteers. The study includes a double-blind dose manipulation with varying levels of psilocybin doses.
