2024 | Natural Sciences | Test 1
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Which material is considered an excellent conductor of heat?

  • Plastic
  • Styrofoam
  • Wood
  • Aluminum (correct)

    • Insulators are materials that transfer heat easily.

    False

    What is the process of heat transfer that occurs between solid objects in direct contact called?

    Conduction

    Metals like copper and aluminum are known as __________ because they transfer heat quickly.

    <p>conductors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following materials with their classification:

    <p>Aluminium = Conductor Wood = Insulator Plastic = Insulator Copper = Conductor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of heat transfer described in the activities?

    <p>Convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In convection, cold particles move upwards while hot particles move downwards.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are two examples of convection affecting daily life?

    <p>Heating in a room and warming water in a fish tank.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convection currents occur when _____ and _____ are transferred by the movement of particles.

    <p>heat, particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the convection scenarios with their descriptions:

    <p>Room heater in winter = Warm air rises to circulate and warm the room Air conditioner in summer = Cool air sinks and displaces warm air upward Fish tank with light = Heat from the light keeps the water warm Cold water meeting hot water = Creates convection currents as the warmer water rises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the particles of a fluid when it is warmed up?

    <p>They move around more quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Convection currents occur when cooler fluid sinks and warmer fluid rises.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is convection?

    <p>The way that heat energy flows through liquids and gases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The circular movement of fluids caused by convection is known as a __________.

    <p>convection current</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Fluids = Substances that contain particles that can move around quite freely Convection = The transfer of heat through liquids and gases Sawdust = Material used in the convection experiment Convection current = Circular movement of fluids caused by convection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key role of fire in keeping homes warm?

    <p>It uses radiation to transfer heat energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation requires contact with matter to transfer heat energy.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give an example of radiation that you experience in daily life.

    <p>The warmth felt from sunlight on my skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Traditional healers rely on sunlight to dry the ______ needed for medicine preparation.

    <p>ingredients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following items with their importance to traditional healers:

    <p>Roots = Source of medicine Barks = Preserving properties Sunlight = Vital for drying Skins = Provides nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Peanut and Marshmallow Experiment, what is the independent variable?

    <p>Type of food (peanut or marshmallow)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dependent variable in the Black Mat and Silver Mat Experiment?

    <p>Temperature of the mats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fixed variables are those that are changed during an experiment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one control variable in the Peanut and Marshmallow Experiment.

    <p>Volume of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The variable that is measured during the experiment is known as the ______.

    <p>dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an experiment, the variable that the researcher changes is called the ______.

    <p>independent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the variable types with their correct definitions:

    <p>Independent Variable = The variable that is changed by the researcher Dependent Variable = The variable that is measured during the investigation Control Variables = The variables that are kept constant throughout the experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In any experiment, all variables can be modified freely to observe any changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best explains why the bottle wrapped in black cloth heats up more than the one wrapped in silver cloth?

    <p>Black surfaces absorb more radiation than shiny surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation is the transfer of heat that requires physical contact between two materials.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main method by which heat from the Sun travels to Earth?

    <p>radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If you lived in a hot area, you would not buy a __________ car due to its tendency to absorb heat.

    <p>black</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following items with their characteristics related to heat absorption:

    <p>Black cloth = Absorbs more radiation Silver cloth = Reflects more radiation Thermometers = Measure temperature Direct sunlight = Source of radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of heat energy transfer allows traditional healers to prepare their medicine?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    White objects absorb radiation waves more effectively than black objects.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process occurs when light strikes a surface and disappears, transferring energy as heat?

    <p>absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    On a sunny day, the inside of a _____ car will be cooler than the inside of a black car parked in the same spot.

    <p>white</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the color of the objects with their heat absorption characteristics:

    <p>Black = Heats up quickly White = Reflects radiation waves Silver = Heats up slowly Dark colors = Absorb more light than bright colors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means by which the Sun's heat energy travels to Earth?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation requires physical contact for heat transfer to occur.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do hot objects transfer heat energy through radiation?

    <p>By emitting electromagnetic waves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Radiation can transfer heat in a __________, a space where there is no matter.

    <p>vacuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples of radiation with their descriptions:

    <p>Radiator = Heats a room by radiation from hot water Barbecue = Cooks food using heat from hot coals via radiation Microwave = Warms food by emitting microwaves that cause water molecules to move Red-hot bar heater = Radiates heat to warm nearby objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the independent variable in an experiment?

    <p>The variable that is altered during the investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A control variable is changed throughout an investigation to ensure accurate results.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the variable that is measured or observed in response to the independent variable?

    <p>dependent variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an investigation, the variable that remains the same is known as the __________.

    <p>control variable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Independent variable = Variable that is changed during the investigation Dependent variable = Variable that changes in response to the independent variable Control variable = Variable that remains constant throughout the investigation Fixed variable = Another term for control variable that stays the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of heat transfer when holding a hot mug of tea?

    <p>Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Insulating materials, such as thick clothing, help to increase the transfer of heat from the body to the environment.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one example of heat energy transfer in the home.

    <p>Using an oven mitt to handle hot dishes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Heat energy transfers from the hot coffee to the cup and spoon through __________.

    <p>conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following examples with their descriptions:

    <p>Using an iron = Heat is transferred from the iron to the fabric. Walking on hot tarmac = Heat is transferred from the ground to the feet. Thick clothing = Prevents heat loss from the body to the environment. Holding a hot mug of tea = Heat moves from the mug to the hand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Investigating Heat Energy Transfer in Substances

    • Key words:

      • Conductors - Substances that transfer heat easily
      • Insulators - Substances that do not transfer heat easily

    • Activity 4: Investigate heat energy transfer in various substances.

    • You will need:

      • an aluminum cup
      • a steel cup
      • a Styrofoam cup
      • a plastic cup
      • a cup made of glass
      • a cup with a stopwatch function
      • warm water

    • Procedure:

      • Touch all the cups with your hands and put them in a row
      • Half-fill each cup with boiling water and wait for 2 minutes
      • Touch all the cups with your hand: which cups feel warm or hot?
      • Determine which cup feels warmest to coldest.
      • Order the cups from warmest to coldest.
      • Which material is the best conductor of heat?
      • Which material would be a good insulator?

    • Key concepts:

      • Conduction is the transfer of heat between solid objects that are in direct physical contact with each other.
      • In conduction, the heat energy travels from the source of heat through the object, or from the warmer object to the cooler object, until they have the same temperature.
      • Conduction usually takes place in solids
      • Some substances, like wood and plastic, are poor conductors of heat. We call these substances insulators. Insulators are used in situations where we do not want heat energy to be conducted. For example, pot handles are usually made of wood or plastic, so that you don't burn your fingers when you pick up the pot. Good insulators can also help us to prevent heat energy from being wasted, by being lost to the surroundings. For example, geyser blankets are made from materials that are insulators. Because of this, they help keep the geyser from losing heat. This helps to save electricity
      • In Activity 4, you would have discovered that some materials transfer heat energy very quickly. We say that these materials are good conductors of heat. For example, most metals are heat conductors, but some good metals conduct heat better than others. Copper and aluminum are excellent conductors of heat, which is why they are used to make cooking pots and frying pans.

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    Description

    Explore heat energy transfer by investigating various substances. This activity involves using different types of cups to determine which materials are the best conductors and insulators of heat. Engage in hands-on experiments to learn about conduction and its effects in everyday materials.

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