Inverting Amplifier Circuit
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Questions and Answers

What happens to the output when the sine wave input crosses zero and goes positive?

  • The output goes to its maximum negative level
  • The output goes to its maximum positive level (correct)
  • The output remains at zero
  • The output becomes zero

    • What is the purpose of a zero-level detector?

  • To filter a signal
  • To amplify a signal
  • To invert a signal
  • To produce a square wave from a sine wave (correct)

    • What can be used to set the reference voltage in a non-zero level detector?

  • A voltage divider
  • A battery
  • A resistor
  • All of the above (correct)

    • What happens to the output when the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage in a non-zero level detector?

    <p>The output goes to its maximum positive voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the feedback circuit in a non-inverting amplifier?

    <p>To create negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of resistors R1 and R2 in a non-inverting amplifier?

    <p>To create a voltage divider circuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which input is the input signal applied to in a non-inverting amplifier?

    <p>The non-inverting input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting amplifier?

    <p>The input signal is applied to the inverting input in an inverting amplifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the feedback circuit in an inverting amplifier?

    <p>To provide negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the gain of an inverting amplifier with equal resistors?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a digital-to-analog converter?

    <p>To convert digital signals to analog signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bits are assumed in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>4-bit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the logic 1 level in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>+5 volts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the resistors in a binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>Analog signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the op-amp in a binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>To convert digital to analog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of weighted resistors in a binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>To convert digital input values to analog voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output voltage when the 1 input is a logic 1 in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>-1 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>To convert a binary number to a matching output voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 12-bit binary weighted resistor DAC, what is the issue with the resistor values?

    <p>The resistor values have a large range that cannot maintain the correct ratios with temperature variations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the R/2R ladder DAC over the binary weighted resistor DAC?

    <p>It overcomes the issue of large resistor value ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the 1, 2, 4 and 8 inputs in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>To assign relative weights to each input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output voltage range of the binary weighted resistor DAC?

    <p>-1 V to -8 V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main issue with the flash ADC approach?

    <p>It is too expensive for ordinary use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant bit (MSB) in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>The 8 input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the number of comparators and the number of binary bits in a flash ADC?

    <p>The number of comparators increases exponentially with the number of binary bits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the truth table in the binary weighted resistor DAC circuit?

    <p>To show the conversion of binary code to output voltage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Exclusive-OR (XOR) gates in a flash ADC encoder?

    <p>To realize the highest-order-input selection effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using a flash ADC approach?

    <p>It is highly accurate and suitable for high-speed applications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of each comparator in a flash ADC?

    <p>A saturation signal, going from low to high</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many comparators are required to convert a 0 to 9-V range to a binary number?

    <p>9 comparators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using an encoder in a flash ADC?

    <p>It simplifies the comparator output states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resolution of the analogue voltage that can be achieved with a 4-bit binary number?

    <p>0 to 15-V, with 16 possible states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key benefit of the Flash ADC design?

    <p>It can be easily modified with a few component value changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the comparator in a Digital-Ramp ADC?

    <p>To compare the input voltage with the DAC output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the counter in a Digital-Ramp ADC?

    <p>To increment the counter one step at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal is generated by the Digital-Ramp ADC?

    <p>Step-by-step ramp</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the control AND gate in a Digital-Ramp ADC?

    <p>To enable the counter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the Digital-Ramp ADC represented by?

    <p>The counter IC outputs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of the Digital-Ramp ADC over the Flash ADC?

    <p>It is slower but less expensive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 3-bit digital output of the Flash ADC when the analogue input voltage is 4 volts?

    <p>110</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Inverting Amplifier

    • Output is applied back to the inverting input through the feedback circuit formed by Resistor input (R1) and Resistor feedback (Rf)
    • Creates negative feedback using R1 and Rf as a voltage divider circuit
    • Voltage divider reduces Voltage out (Vout) and connects the reduced feedback voltage to the inverting input
    • For equal resistors, the circuit has a gain of -1 and is used in digital circuits as an inverting buffer (also known as an inverter)
    • An op-amp inverting amplifier with a gain of 1 serves as an inverting buffer

    Digital-to-Analogue Conversion (DAC)

    • Digital-to-Analogue Converters (DAC) convert digital numbers into analogue voltage values
    • Digital input values are input to the op-amp via weighted resistors
    • The resultant voltage from the resistors is applied to the inverting input of the op-amp
    • Binary weighted resistor DAC circuit uses +5 volts as a logic 1 and 0 volts as a logic 0

    Binary Weighted Resistor DAC

    • The circuit uses a 4-bit binary number and converts it into an analogue voltage
    • The digits 1, 2, 4, and 8 refer to the relative weights assigned to each input
    • The output voltage will take on one of 10 specific voltages in accordance with the input BCD code
    • Input voltages are accurately 0 and +5 volts
    • Output voltage will be -1, -2, -4, or -8 V depending on the input

    R/2R Ladder DAC

    • Overcomes the issue of large differences in resistor values between the LSB and MSB in binary weighted resistor DACs
    • R/2R ladder construction maintains the correct ratios even when temperature varies

    Non-Zero Level Detection

    • Zero-level detector can be modified to detect voltages other than zero by connecting a fixed reference voltage to the inverting input
    • The reference voltage can be set using a battery, voltage divider, or Zener diode
    • As long as the input voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the output goes to its maximum positive voltage

    Non-Inverting Amplifier

    • An op-amp is connected in a closed-loop configuration as a non-inverting amplifier with a controlled amount of voltage gain
    • The input signal is applied to the non-inverting input (Vin +)
    • The output is applied back to the inverting input (negative -) through the feedback circuit formed by Resistor input (R1) and Resistor feedback (R2)

    Flash ADC

    • Uses a comparator and a DAC to convert analogue voltage to digital output
    • The number of comparators required increases exponentially with the number of binary bits used to store the code
    • Flash ADC encoder uses a set of Exclusive-OR (XOR) gates to realise the highest-order-input selection effect
    • A simpler, non-priority encoder can be used due to the sequential comparator output states

    Digital-Ramp ADC

    • A slower but less expensive approach to ADC conversion
    • Uses a DAC and a single comparator
    • A binary counter is used as the register, and the clock increments the counter one step at a time until the comparator output (Vax) ≥ the ADC input (Va)
    • It is called a digital-ramp ADC because the waveform at Vax is a step-by-step ramp

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    Description

    This quiz covers the inverting amplifier circuit, its components, and how it works to reduce voltage output.

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