Invertebrates: Molluscs Overview
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Questions and Answers

Sea Squirts are filter feeders that live on the seafloor.

True (A)

Jawless Fishes have a bony skeleton and smooth, scaly skin.

False (B)

CarTlaginous Fishes lack gill covers and have bodies covered with dermal denticles.

True (A)

Bony Fishes exhibit external fertilization, with females depositing eggs and males depositing sperm into water.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lampreys are solely filter feeders and do not exhibit parasitic behavior.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ray-finned fishes have fins supported by parallel bony rays that are devoid of muscles.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All vertebrates possess a vertebral column that replaces the embryonic notochord.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lobe-finned fishes, including lungfish, have paired fins that consist of muscular lobes supported by a central core of bones.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All bony fishes lack swim bladders that assist in regulating buoyancy.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vertebrates exhibit a closed circulatory system where blood is contained within blood vessels.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Molluscs strictly live in marine environments and cannot inhabit freshwater or terrestrial habitats.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bivalves possess a well-developed head and radula.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cephalopods have a notably developed sense organ that aids in their predatory behavior.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flatworms have a complete digestive tract with two openings.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arthropods have a soft exoskeleton composed of chitin, which must be molted as they grow.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All insects have two pairs of wings, regardless of their species.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The body of an insect is always divided into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Echinoderms exhibit bilateral symmetry as adults, while their larvae demonstrate radial symmetry.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chordates can be categorized into vertebrates and nonvertebrates based on the presence of a vertebral column.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All cephalopods are capable of living in freshwater environments.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Urochordates

Sea squirts; marine filter feeders with thick outer coverings.

Vertebrates

Chordates with a vertebral column, skull, and endoskeleton.

Vertebral column

Embryonic notochord replaced by a structure that protects the spinal cord and supports the body.

Endoskeleton

Internal skeleton (cartilage or bone) that protects organs, supports movement, and grows with animal.

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Jawless Fishes

Fish without jaws, including hagfish and lampreys.

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Jawed Fishes

Fish with jaws and a variety of skeletons (cartilaginous or bony).

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Cartilaginous Fishes

Sharks and rays; have a cartilaginous skeleton, lack gill covers, and have dermal denticles.

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Bony Fishes

Fish with a bony skeleton; includes ray-finned, lobe-finned, and lungfish. Many with swim bladders.

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Swim bladder

Gas-filled sac that helps bony fishes control buoyancy.

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Ray-finned Fishes

Bony fish with fins supported by thin, bony rays.

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Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca)

A large phylum of invertebrates, including snails, clams, and squid, characterized by a soft body often enclosed in a shell.

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Bivalves (Class Bivalvia)

A class of molluscs with two shells (e.g., clams, oysters, scallops).

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Gastropods (Class Gastropoda)

The largest class of molluscs, including snails and slugs; many have a single, coiled shell.

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Cephalopods (Class Cephalopoda)

A class of molluscs with tentacles and a well-developed head (e.g., squid, octopus).

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Annelids (Phylum Annelida)

Segmented worms, including earthworms and leeches, characterized by a body divided into segments.

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Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

Invertebrates with a flat body plan, lacking a specialized circulatory or respiratory system.

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Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

Invertebrates with jointed appendages and an exoskeleton, including insects, crustaceans, and arachnids.

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Crustaceans

A major group of arthropods, mostly aquatic, characterized by having five pairs of appendages.

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Insects

A class of arthropods with three body parts (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of legs, and often wings.

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Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

Marine invertebrates with a radial body plan and an endoskeleton, including starfish and sea urchins.

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Study Notes

Invertebrates (2)

  • Molluscs (Phylum Mollusca) are diverse, varying in size, inhabiting marine, freshwater, and terrestrial environments.
  • They include herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, and parasites.
  • There are approximately 100,000 species.
  • Molluscs have three main body parts: visceral mass (internal organs), mantle (covering the visceral mass, secreting calcium carbonate, and developing gills or lungs), and foot (for locomotion, attachment, and food capture). Some have a radula (grazing and feeding structure).
  • Bivalves (Class Bivalvia) have two shells closed by adductor muscles, lack a head and radula, have little cephalization, tentacles on the mantle, and a foot used for burrowing or attaching. They are filter feeders, capturing food particles from water.
  • Gastropods (Class Gastropoda) are the largest class of molluscs, often having a one-piece coiled shell (although not all), and a well-developed head region. Many are marine, but some, like slugs and snails, are terrestrial.

Annelids (Phylum Annelida)

  • Annelids are segmented worms, mostly marine, and have a well-developed coelom (fluid-filled cavity) that allows for independent movement of body segments.
  • They have hydrostatic skeletons.

Flatworms (Phylum Platyhelminthes)

  • Flatworms are flat-bodied and lack specialized circulatory or respiratory systems.
  • They have a sac body plan with one opening (mouth).
  • Some are parasitic, like flukes and tapeworms, with adaptations to survive in the host.

Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

  • Arthropods have rigid, jointed exoskeletons made of chitin.
  • They molt (shed) their exoskeleton as they grow.
  • Segmentation is common and each segment may have a pair of appendages (eg., legs).
  • Some important groups are crustaceans (have exoskeletons, many have compound eyes, and typically 5 pairs of appendages), centipedes and millipedes (centipedes having one pair of legs per body segment, millipedes having two pairs per segment), and insects (with three body regions: head, thorax, and abdomen, three pairs of legs in the thorax, and often wings).

Echinoderms (Phylum Echinodermata)

  • Echinoderms are bottom-dwelling marine animals.
  • They possess radial symmetry as adults (although larvae have bilateral symmetry).
  • Their endoskeletons are composed of calcium-rich plates and spines.
  • Examples include starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers.

Chordates (Phylum Chordata)

  • Chordates are bilaterally symmetrical and deuterostomes.
  • They have a notochord (a supporting rod below the nerve cord) at some point in their development (in many, the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column).
  • The spinal cord is a component of the dorsal tubular nerve cord.
  • Most chordates are vertebrates, possessing a vertebral column.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the diverse phylum Mollusca, covering their habitats, dietary habits, and anatomical features. Learn about key classes such as Bivalvia and Gastropoda, and their unique characteristics. Test your knowledge about the various species and structures of these fascinating invertebrates.

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