Invertebrate Biology (BIOZ 341)
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Questions and Answers

What disease is caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

  • Malaria
  • Leishmaniasis
  • Balantidiasis
  • African sleeping sickness (correct)
  • Which mosquito is the definitive host for Plasmodium species?

  • Culex mosquito
  • Aedes mosquito
  • Anopheles mosquito (correct)
  • Mansonia mosquito
  • What is the only known human pathogen in the Phylum Ciliophora?

  • Naegleria fowleri
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Giardia lamblia
  • Balantidium coli (correct)
  • How does paramecium primarily obtain food?

    <p>Drawing in food through cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reproduction does paramecium use to exchange genetic material?

    <p>Conjugation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines invertebrates?

    <p>Animals without a vertebral column</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phylum includes organisms like sponges?

    <p>Porifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a higher invertebrate?

    <p>Arthropoda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stage is referred to as a vegetative stage in protozoans?

    <p>Trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT true for protozoans?

    <p>They are multicellular organisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is known for their simple body organization?

    <p>Porifera</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group are most protozoans found?

    <p>Aquatic and terrestrial areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure do some protozoa use for locomotion that resembles a whip-like tail?

    <p>Flagellum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do parasitic protozoa obtain nutrients from their hosts?

    <p>By absorbing nutrients directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following subphyla uses pseudopodia for movement and nourishment?

    <p>Sarcodina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called where pseudopodia surround and engulf food particles?

    <p>Phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following protozoa is associated with causing dysentery?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of nutrition do most protozoa primarily exhibit?

    <p>Heterotrophic aerobes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environment do amoebas typically thrive?

    <p>Aquatic environments like ponds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of asexual reproduction in protozoa?

    <p>Binary fission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Invertebrate Overview

    • Invertebrates lack a vertebral column, comprising approximately 90% of all known animal species.
    • Categories include lower and higher invertebrates based on body organization and evolutionary development.
    • Lower invertebrates: Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda.
    • Higher invertebrates: Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata.

    Kingdom: Protista

    • Protists inhabit aquatic and terrestrial environments.
    • Classified into 12 phyla, grouped mainly into plant-like, animal-like (protozoa), and fungal-like organisms.

    Protozoa Characteristics

    • Unicellular, heterotrophic, eukaryotic organisms, referred to as "first animals."
    • Contains around 20,000 species, with a small number being pathogenic.
    • Primarily free-living, found in water and soil; some are parasitic or symbiotic.
    • Reproduce asexually through fission or budding; some can reproduce sexually.

    Movement Mechanisms

    • Cilia: Tiny hair-like structures for coordinated movement.
    • Flagella: Whip-like tails that enable motion through wave actions.
    • Pseudopodia: Extensions of cytoplasm acting like "false feet."

    Nutrition and Digestion

    • Most protozoa are heterotrophic aerobic organisms; some can grow anaerobically as parasites.
    • Feed on algae, yeast, bacteria, and decaying organic matter.
    • Digestion occurs in vacuoles, with waste eliminated through the plasma membrane or anal pores.

    Classification of Protozoa

    • Phylum: Sarcomastigophora

      • Subphylum: Sarcodina (amoebas moving by pseudopods).
        • Entamoeba histolytica: Causes amoebic dysentery.
      • Subphylum: Mastigophora (movement via flagella).
        • Important pathogens include Trichomonas vaginalis (causes urinary infections) and Giardia lamblia (causes giardiasis).
    • Phylum: Apicomplexa (Sporozoa)

      • Notable pathogens: Plasmodium spp., responsible for malaria.
      • Transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, resulting in millions of deaths annually.
    • Phylum: Ciliophora

      • Move and feed using cilia.
      • Balantidium coli: The only known human pathogen causing intestinal infections.
      • Paramecium: A common ciliate, primarily found in freshwater environments.

    Paramecium Feeding and Reproduction

    • Feeding takes place in a funnel-shaped gullet, where cilia aid in capturing food.
    • Two methods of reproduction:
      • Conjugation: Sexual reproduction with genetic exchange through a conjugation tube.
      • Binary Fission: Asexual reproduction producing two identical daughter cells.

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    Related Documents

    Invertebrate Protozoa PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on invertebrate biology in the context of BIOZ 341. This quiz covers various groups within the Animalia kingdom, including Protozoa, Parazoa, and Eumetazoa. Prepare to explore the fascinating diversity of life forms such as Amoeba, Sponges, and Hydra.

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