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Questions and Answers
Based on the provided graph depicting Nile perch and African Great Lake cichlids, which of the following statements best describes the trend in zooplanktivore populations after 1979?
Based on the provided graph depicting Nile perch and African Great Lake cichlids, which of the following statements best describes the trend in zooplanktivore populations after 1979?
- Zooplanktivore populations experienced a significant decline. (correct)
- Zooplanktivore populations fluctuated greatly with no clear trend.
- Zooplanktivore populations remained stable.
- Zooplanktivore populations steadily increased.
According to the food web diagrams, the introduction of Peacock Bass (Cichla ocellaris) in Gatun Lake led to an increase in the diversity of fish species.
According to the food web diagrams, the introduction of Peacock Bass (Cichla ocellaris) in Gatun Lake led to an increase in the diversity of fish species.
False (B)
Explain in one sentence how 'functional response' relates to the efficiency of invasive species in exploiting resources.
Explain in one sentence how 'functional response' relates to the efficiency of invasive species in exploiting resources.
Functional response describes how the consumption rate of a predator changes with prey density, and invasive species often exhibit a higher functional response, enabling them to exploit resources more efficiently than native species.
Type II functional response, characterized by a decelerating consumption rate at higher prey densities, is typically observed in predator species.
Type II functional response, characterized by a decelerating consumption rate at higher prey densities, is typically observed in predator species.
Match the functional response type with its description:
Match the functional response type with its description:
Which of the following best explains why invasive species might exhibit a Type II functional response?
Which of the following best explains why invasive species might exhibit a Type II functional response?
According to the information provided, Dikerogammarus villosus, the 'killer shrimp', exhibits a Type III functional response.
According to the information provided, Dikerogammarus villosus, the 'killer shrimp', exhibits a Type III functional response.
Name two invasive shrimp species mentioned in the content that are known for their predatory impact.
Name two invasive shrimp species mentioned in the content that are known for their predatory impact.
_______ anomala, also known as the bloody red shrimp, is a smaller invader that shows a greater functional response compared to the native Mysis relicta.
_______ anomala, also known as the bloody red shrimp, is a smaller invader that shows a greater functional response compared to the native Mysis relicta.
Based on the comparison between Hemimysis anomala and Mysis relicta, which statement is true regarding their predatory behavior?
Based on the comparison between Hemimysis anomala and Mysis relicta, which statement is true regarding their predatory behavior?
Cladocerans are generally more impacted by predatory invasive species compared to copepods, according to the provided information.
Cladocerans are generally more impacted by predatory invasive species compared to copepods, according to the provided information.
What is the general trend observed in grouse population density when predators are removed, based on the Edminster 1939 study?
What is the general trend observed in grouse population density when predators are removed, based on the Edminster 1939 study?
A predator that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance is known as a _______ predator.
A predator that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance is known as a _______ predator.
In Paine's rocky shore community example, what is the keystone predator?
In Paine's rocky shore community example, what is the keystone predator?
In the absence of the keystone predator Pisaster, the diversity of species in Paine's rocky shore community would likely increase.
In the absence of the keystone predator Pisaster, the diversity of species in Paine's rocky shore community would likely increase.
Name one factor that is compared between Amchitka and Shemya islands to understand nearshore marine community differences.
Name one factor that is compared between Amchitka and Shemya islands to understand nearshore marine community differences.
In the comparison of Amchitka and Shemya, _______ density is significantly higher in Amchitka, correlating with differences in kelp and urchin populations.
In the comparison of Amchitka and Shemya, _______ density is significantly higher in Amchitka, correlating with differences in kelp and urchin populations.
Based on the Amchitka and Shemya comparison, what is the likely impact of sea otters on kelp forests?
Based on the Amchitka and Shemya comparison, what is the likely impact of sea otters on kelp forests?
Shemya island, compared to Amchitka, exhibits denser populations of barnacles and mussels in its nearshore marine community.
Shemya island, compared to Amchitka, exhibits denser populations of barnacles and mussels in its nearshore marine community.
Match the island with the characteristic of its kelp forest:
Match the island with the characteristic of its kelp forest:
Flashcards
Invader Resource Use
Invader Resource Use
Invaders use resources efficiently, leading to a high consumption rate at various resource densities.
Functional Response
Functional Response
Functional response is the relationship between prey density and predator consumption rate.
Type II Functional Response
Type II Functional Response
Type II functional response is typical of invertebrate predators. Consumption increases rapidly then plateaus.
Type III Functional Response
Type III Functional Response
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Gammarid Predation
Gammarid Predation
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Dikerogammarus villosus
Dikerogammarus villosus
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Hemimysis anomala impact
Hemimysis anomala impact
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Predator Impact on Prey
Predator Impact on Prey
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Keystone predator
Keystone predator
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Pisaster as a keystone
Pisaster as a keystone
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Study Notes
- Nile perch were introduced to the African Great Lakes and preyed on native cichlids.
- The peacock bass (Cichla ocellaris) is a predatory fish found in Gatun Lake, Panama.
- Invaders are efficient at exploiting and utilising resources.
- Functional responses describe the relationship between a predator's consumption rate and resource density.
- Invertebrate predators typically exhibit a Type II functional response
- Attack rates, handling times, and maximum feeding rates, plus population consequences equal ecological impact.
- Vertebrate predators typically exhibit a Type III functional response.
- Dikerogammarus villosus is referred to as the "killer shrimp".
- Gammarids exhibit predatory behavior similar to a Type II functional response.
- Hemimysis anomala is the bloody red shrimp
- The smaller invader, Hemimysis anomala, killed and consumed 7 times more prey than the larger native Mysis relicta, in one third of the time.
- Cladocerans experience largest impact when preyed on.
- Copepods experience least impact when preyed on.
- A keystone predator influences competition and coexistence of competitors in an ecosystem.
- Pisaster (starfish) is an example of a keystone predator in Paine's rocky shore community.
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