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Questions and Answers
Which basic relational model is emphasized more in traditional subsistence societies?
In which type of societies is market pricing more commonly found?
Which of the following models is often less emphasized in egalitarian societies?
What is one mechanism through which people become drawn to each other?
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Which basic relational model is more prevalent in Indian societies compared to the US?
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What is the primary focus of Lecture 7 in the Introductory Psychology course?
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What is the significance of acknowledging traditional custodians in an educational setting?
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Which aspect of Indigenous Australians does La Trobe University emphasize in their commitment?
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How does La Trobe University express its respect towards Indigenous participants?
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What is included in the recommended readings for this course?
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What is the primary concept behind the Propinquity Effect?
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What mechanism operates through the Mere Exposure Effect?
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Which statement is true regarding the Similarity-Attraction Effect?
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In studies comparing reactions to others, how did Canadians demonstrate the Similarity-Attraction Effect?
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How does cultural context impact the Similarity-Attraction Effect according to the studies mentioned?
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How does the Propinquity Effect relate to nonhuman species according to the research mentioned?
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What does the phrase 'birds of a feather flock together' imply in the context of the Similarity-Attraction Effect?
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What does evidence from studies suggest about Japanese students' attraction based on similarity?
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Why might the Similarity-Attraction Effect be considered to have limitations?
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What is a potential reason why the Propinquity Effect is culturally universal?
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Study Notes
Acknowledgement of Country
- La Trobe University recognizes traditional custodians of the land and their cultural contributions.
- Commitment to provide opportunities for Indigenous Australians through various programs.
Market Pricing
- Defined by proportionality and ratios; typically involves monetary exchange.
- Occurs at a single point in time with various types of goods being traded.
Basic Relational Models
- Four fundamental models apply universally in relationships across cultures.
- Market pricing prevalent in individualistic societies, while equality matching is emphasized in traditional subsistence societies.
- Authority ranking common in hierarchical societies; communal sharing more frequent in India than in the US.
Mechanisms of Attraction
- Attraction influenced by the Propinquity effect (frequent interaction) and Similarity-attraction effect (similarity between individuals).
- The mere exposure effect suggests that repeated presence increases affection.
The Propinquity Effect
- Strong tendency for individuals to develop friendships with frequently encountered individuals.
- Culturally universal; both Japanese and Americans show preference for frequent interaction.
The Similarity-Attraction Effect (SAE)
- Individuals are drawn to those who share similar traits, largely observed in Western contexts.
- Research indicates lower emphasis on similarity among Japanese compared to European Canadians.
Relational Mobility (RM)
- Refers to the degree of flexibility and options available for forming relationships within a culture.
- High RM conditions lead to chosen, voluntary relationships that can easily be replaced when unsatisfactory.
High vs. Low Relational Mobility
- High RM cultures promote independence and multiple relationship options; common in North America and Western Europe.
- Low RM cultures focus on stable, longstanding relationships often bound by obligations; prevalent in East Asia, Africa, and the Middle East.
Relational Mobility and Similarity-Attraction
- High RM allows for attracting new partners based on shared characteristics; more efforts invested in making connections.
- In low RM cultures, characteristics that attract are less relevant due to stable social environments.
The Tyranny of the Beautiful
- Physically attractive individuals experience advantageous life outcomes, influenced by the halo effect.
- Research indicates a correlation between attractiveness and perceived positive traits, success, and social standing.
Physical Attractiveness across Cultures
- "Tyranny of the beautiful" may not hold in low RM cultures; examples show varied responses in Ghana vs. the US regarding attractiveness and social satisfaction.
Nature and Meaning of Friendship
- Friendship's nature varies significantly between high and low RM cultures; Americans tend to have more friends and approach friendships casually.
- Ghanaians view friendships as laden with obligations and maintain a more cautious perspective towards forming new bonds.
Friends and Enemies
- Cultural perspectives influence the arrangement of family relationships and priorities in social settings (e.g., sacred couple vs. extended family dynamics).
- Everyday moral dilemmas (e.g., whom to save in emergencies) reveal underlying cultural values and attachment to family vs. spouse.
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Description
This quiz covers Lecture 7 of the Introductory Psychology course, focusing on Relationships and Attraction. It is based on the prescribed readings by Yuki & Schug and Kito et al., exploring how psychology intertwines with culture in understanding interpersonal dynamics.
