Questions and Answers
What are the root causes of the twin problems of inactivity and obesity worldwide?
Urbanization, motorized transport, mechanization of labour, sedentarism, processed foods high in sugars and starches, increased portion sizes.
Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with physical inactivity and obesity?
Sedentarism can be attributed to activities such as TV watching and video games.
True
Match the factors contributing to physical inactivity and obesity with their descriptions:
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What lifestyle changes are suggested to combat physical inactivity and obesity?
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What type of barriers are influenced by an individual's social standing, including factors like income and education?
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Which of the following is an example of a personal barrier to physical activity?
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What role do built environments play in physical activity levels?
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What factor can contribute to cultural barriers for newcomers in Canada?
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Which type of barriers might be considered to exist largely "in the mind" of an individual?
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Which of the following is a suggested way to overcome personal barriers to physical activity?
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What is a probable cause of lifestyle diseases?
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How can communities overcome environmental barriers to physical activity?
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Which factor is indicated as a psychological barrier to physical activity?
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What approach is suggested to address cultural barriers related to physical activity?
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Study Notes
Course Overview
- Focus on human movement, growth, and development.
- Examines the effects of physical activity on health and performance.
- Investigates physiological, psychological, and social influences.
Career Preparation
- Prepares students for university programs in:
- Kinesiology
- Physical education and health
- Health sciences and health studies
- Recreation and leisure
- Sports administration
Chapter 1 Themes
- Highlights the increasing physical inactivity crisis globally.
- Discusses health risks linked to inactivity and obesity.
- Examines the rising healthcare costs due to inactivity.
- Explores benefits of physical activity in reducing lifestyle diseases.
- Introduces concepts of physical literacy and the role of schools and communities.
- Discusses long-term athlete development and potential career paths in kinesiology.
Course Units
Unit 1: Society, Physical Activity, and Sport
- History of physical activity and sport.
- Relationship between business and physical activity.
- Ethical issues in physical activity and sport.
Unit 2: Anatomy and Physiology
- Covers skeletal, articular, and muscular systems.
- Discuss energy systems related to physical activity.
- Examines cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Unit 3: Human Performance and Biomechanics
- Focuses on human growth and development.
- Studies motor learning and skill acquisition.
- Explains biomechanical theory and principles.
- Analyzes efficiency of human movement.
Unit 4: Nutrition, Training, and Ergogenic Aids
- Discusses nutrition for human performance.
- Investigates training and its effects on performance.
- Explores ergogenic substances and techniques.
Physical Inactivity and Obesity Crisis
- Key contributors to obesity:
- Urbanization and increased reliance on motorized transport.
- Mechanization of labor leading to sedentary jobs.
- Rise in sedentary activities such as TV and gaming.
- Consumption of processed foods high in sugars and starches.
- Larger portion sizes in meals.
Health Risks Associated with Inactivity
- Lifestyle diseases linked to obesity and inactivity include:
- Coronary artery disease
- Ischemic strokes
- Type 2 diabetes
- Certain cancers
- Osteoporosis
- Kidney disease
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Chronic liver disease
- Depression
Economic Impact of Inactivity
- Increasing healthcare costs attributed to lifestyle-related diseases and inactivity.
- Recognition of physical activity’s importance for mental and physical well-being.
- Emphasis on lifestyle changes and support for community physical activity programs to alleviate inactivity and obesity issues.
Types of Barriers to Physical Activity
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Environmental Barriers: Human-made settings including buildings, neighborhoods, and parks can discourage active transportation (walking, biking) and encourage passive transportation (car use).
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Socioeconomic Barriers: Often tied to income, education, and occupation. For instance, 20% of Canadian families struggle to afford recreation programs, requiring subsidies for registration and equipment costs.
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Cultural Barriers: Despite Canada’s multicultural policy, newcomers face obstacles to physical activity. Government initiatives aim to enhance access, but language barriers and feelings of isolation persist.
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Personal Barriers: These include lack of time, energy, access to facilities, financial issues, low confidence, and weak motivation — factors often under individual control.
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Psychological Barriers: Fears and mental blocks, such as fear of pain, self-consciousness, or viewing exercise as boring, significantly hinder participation in physical activity.
Overcoming Barriers to Physical Activity
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Environmental Solutions:
- Establish community programs like “Active and Safe Routes to School.”
- Advocate for government investment in parks, bike paths, and safer pedestrian areas.
- Encourage walking or biking instead of driving.
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Cultural Solutions:
- Address lack of policies regarding multiculturalism and sport.
- Provide newcomers with better access to sport and recreation information.
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Personal Solutions:
- Promote active commuting methods (walking, biking).
- Reduce sedentary screen time; integrate physical activity into daily routines.
- Start with manageable exercise durations and gradually increase.
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Psychological Solutions:
- Find enjoyable forms of exercise to sustain motivation.
- Prioritize comfort by stopping exercises that cause pain.
- Create a supportive environment and engage in social activities that promote movement.
Lifestyle Diseases
- Defined as largely preventable illnesses that increase with industrialization, including chronic diseases and mental health conditions.
- Probable Causes: Poor diet, harmful lifestyle habits, and inactivity contribute to the prevalence of lifestyle diseases.
Summary
- Barriers to physical activity can be environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, personal, or psychological.
- Identifying these barriers opens pathways to innovative solutions that foster greater physical activity in society.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of introductory kinesiology, focusing on human movement, health impacts of physical activity, and societal issues like inactivity and obesity. This course also emphasizes career preparation in the field of kinesiology. Understand the physiological, psychological, and social factors influencing physical activity.
