37 Questions
What is the primary purpose of Orthoptists in the assessment of peripheral visual function?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a common principle in the assessment of visual field function?
Prolonged testing time
Which of the following modalities for assessing visual field function is NOT commonly available?
Tomographic
What is the main factor in choosing the approach for assessing visual field function?
All of the above
What is the typical visual field coverage for static perimetry?
30/24 degrees
Which algorithm is commonly used for glaucoma assessment in static perimetry?
Standard G
What is the main difference between SITA and Standard G algorithms in static perimetry?
SITA is faster, Standard G is more accurate
What is the primary purpose of using standard practice in static perimetry algorithms?
To define central sensitivity
What is the key difference between 'grid' and 'non-grid' test locations in static perimetry?
Grid locations assess every 6 degrees, while non-grid locations are mapped to 'structure'
What is the main advantage of kinetic perimetry compared to static perimetry?
Kinetic perimetry provides a full-field assessment, while static perimetry is limited in area
What is the purpose of assessing the blind spot in static perimetry?
To ensure accurate test results by checking for proper fixation
How does the number of test points (12 vs 24) affect the assessment of the blind spot in kinetic perimetry?
24 points provide a more detailed assessment of the blind spot
What is the purpose of 'post-hoc smoothing' in static perimetry?
To account for discrepancies between different test locations
How does the type of refractive error impact the accuracy of kinetic perimetry?
Both myopic and hyperopic refractive errors have a negative impact on kinetic perimetry accuracy
What is the primary function of visual field testing?
To assess the integrity of the visual pathway
Which of the following statements about the visual field is correct?
It represents the area of space from which the visual system gathers information.
Which of the following is a primary function of the visual field?
To detect motion and shift fixation
What is the rationale behind assessing visual fields in clinical practice?
To identify areas of reduced visual sensitivity
Which of the following is a challenge in assessing visual fields in children?
Children have difficulty maintaining fixation.
What is a marker of test reliability in visual field assessment?
Consistent responses to stimuli in the same location
Which of the following statements about visual field development is correct?
Visual fields continue to develop into early adulthood.
What is the purpose of the normative visual field (VF) growth templates shown in the text?
To compare individual patient VF data to normative values across different age groups
Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason for including the 'GOLDMANN VS. OCTOPUS' section in the text?
To demonstrate the impact of patient age on VF measurements
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'READING LIST' section in the text?
To provide additional context and background information on the topic of visual field assessment
What is the MAIN message conveyed by the 'NORMATIVE VF GROWTH' figures in the text?
VF sensitivity decreases with increasing age in healthy individuals
Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for the inclusion of the 'SUMMARY' section in the text?
To provide a concise overview of the key concepts related to visual field assessment
Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'TYPES OF ASSESSMENT' section in the text?
To provide an overview of the different approaches to VF assessment, including novel techniques
What is the MAIN purpose of the 'CLINICAL CONDITION' section in the text?
To suggest that VF assessment should be tailored to the specific clinical condition of the patient
According to the studies mentioned, which of the following statements is true regarding kinetic perimetry in children?
The kinetic perimetry reliability measure (KPRM) was developed to evaluate kinetic approaches in childhood neuro-ophthalmic disease.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the findings of the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?
Normative visual field values for children were established using kinetic perimetry.
According to the study by Niederhauser and Mojon, what is the effect of high refractive errors on isopter position in kinetic perimetry?
High refractive errors influence isopter position outside the central 30 degrees.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of perimetry in children, based on the information provided?
A survey revealed variations in perimetry practices for children in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the use of perimetry in children?
Kinetic perimetry is the only approach suitable for visual field testing in children.
According to the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?
The OPTIC studies evaluated both kinetic and static perimetry approaches in children.
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of perimetry in children?
Age-appropriate testing strategies and normative data are essential for accurate perimetry in children.
According to the study by Quinn et al., which of the following statements is true regarding visual field testing in children aged 4-10 years?
The study found that Goldmann and double-arc perimeters can be used in this age group.
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the effect of refractive errors on kinetic perimetry, based on the information provided?
Refractive errors have no impact on isopter position in kinetic perimetry.
Study Notes
Visual Field Testing
- The visual field represents an area of space from which the visual system gathers information.
- Description of visual pathway (recap):
- Detect motion
- Draw attention (fixation)
Purpose of Visual Field Testing
- Diagnosis of disease
- Monitoring of progressive loss
- Decisions about management
Types of Visual Field Assessments
- Confrontation
- Static
- Kinetic
- Automated
- Manual
- Novel techniques
Static Perimetry
- Features:
- Threshold vs. supra-threshold
- Generally 30/24 degrees
- In UK, HES, Humphrey perimeters are widely used
- Choosing the algorithm:
- SITA and ‘G’ for glaucoma
- SITA vs. Standard
- G vs. TOP
- Strengths and weaknesses:
- Screening (supra-threshold)
- In-depth assessment (threshold)
- Concentration
- Repeatable
- Mistakes can ruin a test
- Automated
- Duration
Kinetic Perimetry
- Features:
- Moving stimuli
- Varying size/intensity
- Full-field assessment
- Can use static points
- Manual/semi-automated
- Defining an isopter
- Assessment of blind spot
- 12 vs. 24 points
- Nomenclature:
- Relative or Absolute scotoma
- Meridian
Visual Field Development in Children
- Normative values:
- Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
- Age group (years)
- Growth charts:
- III4e
- I4e
- I2e
- Children aged 5-6 years:
- Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
- Median value
- Children aged 13-15 years:
- Red line
- III4e
Challenges of Assessment in Children
- Learning effect
- Fatigue
- Variable responses
Reliability of Testing
- Markers of test reliability
- Adaptations for children
- Indicators and measures
This quiz covers the basics of visual field testing, including the visual pathway, rationale for assessment, types of assessments, and markers of test performance. Designed by Dipesh E Patel, a leading expert in Orthoptics and Clinical Research at UCL. Test your knowledge and understanding of visual field testing in this informative quiz.
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