Introduction to Visual Field Testing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Orthoptists in the assessment of peripheral visual function?

  • Diagnosis of disease
  • Monitoring of progressive loss
  • Decisions about management
  • All of the above (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a common principle in the assessment of visual field function?

  • Prolonged testing time (correct)
  • Patient response when peripheral stimulus detected
  • Occlusion of each eye
  • Central, steady fixation

Which of the following modalities for assessing visual field function is NOT commonly available?

  • Supra-threshold
  • Confrontation
  • Tomographic (correct)
  • Static Threshold

What is the main factor in choosing the approach for assessing visual field function?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical visual field coverage for static perimetry?

<p>30/24 degrees (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which algorithm is commonly used for glaucoma assessment in static perimetry?

<p>Standard G (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between SITA and Standard G algorithms in static perimetry?

<p>SITA is faster, Standard G is more accurate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using standard practice in static perimetry algorithms?

<p>To define central sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between 'grid' and 'non-grid' test locations in static perimetry?

<p>Grid locations assess every 6 degrees, while non-grid locations are mapped to 'structure' (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of kinetic perimetry compared to static perimetry?

<p>Kinetic perimetry provides a full-field assessment, while static perimetry is limited in area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of assessing the blind spot in static perimetry?

<p>To ensure accurate test results by checking for proper fixation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the number of test points (12 vs 24) affect the assessment of the blind spot in kinetic perimetry?

<p>24 points provide a more detailed assessment of the blind spot (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'post-hoc smoothing' in static perimetry?

<p>To account for discrepancies between different test locations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the type of refractive error impact the accuracy of kinetic perimetry?

<p>Both myopic and hyperopic refractive errors have a negative impact on kinetic perimetry accuracy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of visual field testing?

<p>To assess the integrity of the visual pathway (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the visual field is correct?

<p>It represents the area of space from which the visual system gathers information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary function of the visual field?

<p>To detect motion and shift fixation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rationale behind assessing visual fields in clinical practice?

<p>To identify areas of reduced visual sensitivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge in assessing visual fields in children?

<p>Children have difficulty maintaining fixation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a marker of test reliability in visual field assessment?

<p>Consistent responses to stimuli in the same location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about visual field development is correct?

<p>Visual fields continue to develop into early adulthood. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the normative visual field (VF) growth templates shown in the text?

<p>To compare individual patient VF data to normative values across different age groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason for including the 'GOLDMANN VS. OCTOPUS' section in the text?

<p>To demonstrate the impact of patient age on VF measurements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'READING LIST' section in the text?

<p>To provide additional context and background information on the topic of visual field assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN message conveyed by the 'NORMATIVE VF GROWTH' figures in the text?

<p>VF sensitivity decreases with increasing age in healthy individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for the inclusion of the 'SUMMARY' section in the text?

<p>To provide a concise overview of the key concepts related to visual field assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'TYPES OF ASSESSMENT' section in the text?

<p>To provide an overview of the different approaches to VF assessment, including novel techniques (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the MAIN purpose of the 'CLINICAL CONDITION' section in the text?

<p>To suggest that VF assessment should be tailored to the specific clinical condition of the patient (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the studies mentioned, which of the following statements is true regarding kinetic perimetry in children?

<p>The kinetic perimetry reliability measure (KPRM) was developed to evaluate kinetic approaches in childhood neuro-ophthalmic disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the findings of the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?

<p>Normative visual field values for children were established using kinetic perimetry. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Niederhauser and Mojon, what is the effect of high refractive errors on isopter position in kinetic perimetry?

<p>High refractive errors influence isopter position outside the central 30 degrees. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of perimetry in children, based on the information provided?

<p>A survey revealed variations in perimetry practices for children in the United Kingdom and Ireland. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the use of perimetry in children?

<p>Kinetic perimetry is the only approach suitable for visual field testing in children. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?

<p>The OPTIC studies evaluated both kinetic and static perimetry approaches in children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of perimetry in children?

<p>Age-appropriate testing strategies and normative data are essential for accurate perimetry in children. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the study by Quinn et al., which of the following statements is true regarding visual field testing in children aged 4-10 years?

<p>The study found that Goldmann and double-arc perimeters can be used in this age group. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the effect of refractive errors on kinetic perimetry, based on the information provided?

<p>Refractive errors have no impact on isopter position in kinetic perimetry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Visual Field Testing

  • The visual field represents an area of space from which the visual system gathers information.
  • Description of visual pathway (recap):
    • Detect motion
    • Draw attention (fixation)

Purpose of Visual Field Testing

  • Diagnosis of disease
  • Monitoring of progressive loss
  • Decisions about management

Types of Visual Field Assessments

  • Confrontation
  • Static
  • Kinetic
  • Automated
  • Manual
  • Novel techniques

Static Perimetry

  • Features:
    • Threshold vs. supra-threshold
    • Generally 30/24 degrees
    • In UK, HES, Humphrey perimeters are widely used
  • Choosing the algorithm:
    • SITA and ‘G’ for glaucoma
    • SITA vs. Standard
    • G vs. TOP
  • Strengths and weaknesses:
    • Screening (supra-threshold)
    • In-depth assessment (threshold)
    • Concentration
    • Repeatable
    • Mistakes can ruin a test
    • Automated
    • Duration

Kinetic Perimetry

  • Features:
    • Moving stimuli
    • Varying size/intensity
    • Full-field assessment
    • Can use static points
    • Manual/semi-automated
  • Defining an isopter
  • Assessment of blind spot
  • 12 vs. 24 points
  • Nomenclature:
    • Relative or Absolute scotoma
    • Meridian

Visual Field Development in Children

  • Normative values:
    • Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
    • Age group (years)
  • Growth charts:
    • III4e
    • I4e
    • I2e
  • Children aged 5-6 years:
    • Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
    • Median value
  • Children aged 13-15 years:
    • Red line
    • III4e

Challenges of Assessment in Children

  • Learning effect
  • Fatigue
  • Variable responses

Reliability of Testing

  • Markers of test reliability
  • Adaptations for children
  • Indicators and measures

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Description

This quiz covers the basics of visual field testing, including the visual pathway, rationale for assessment, types of assessments, and markers of test performance. Designed by Dipesh E Patel, a leading expert in Orthoptics and Clinical Research at UCL. Test your knowledge and understanding of visual field testing in this informative quiz.

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