Introduction to Visual Field Testing
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of Orthoptists in the assessment of peripheral visual function?

  • Diagnosis of disease
  • Monitoring of progressive loss
  • Decisions about management
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a common principle in the assessment of visual field function?

  • Prolonged testing time (correct)
  • Patient response when peripheral stimulus detected
  • Occlusion of each eye
  • Central, steady fixation
  • Which of the following modalities for assessing visual field function is NOT commonly available?

  • Supra-threshold
  • Confrontation
  • Tomographic (correct)
  • Static Threshold
  • What is the main factor in choosing the approach for assessing visual field function?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical visual field coverage for static perimetry?

    <p>30/24 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which algorithm is commonly used for glaucoma assessment in static perimetry?

    <p>Standard G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between SITA and Standard G algorithms in static perimetry?

    <p>SITA is faster, Standard G is more accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using standard practice in static perimetry algorithms?

    <p>To define central sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between 'grid' and 'non-grid' test locations in static perimetry?

    <p>Grid locations assess every 6 degrees, while non-grid locations are mapped to 'structure'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of kinetic perimetry compared to static perimetry?

    <p>Kinetic perimetry provides a full-field assessment, while static perimetry is limited in area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of assessing the blind spot in static perimetry?

    <p>To ensure accurate test results by checking for proper fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the number of test points (12 vs 24) affect the assessment of the blind spot in kinetic perimetry?

    <p>24 points provide a more detailed assessment of the blind spot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'post-hoc smoothing' in static perimetry?

    <p>To account for discrepancies between different test locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the type of refractive error impact the accuracy of kinetic perimetry?

    <p>Both myopic and hyperopic refractive errors have a negative impact on kinetic perimetry accuracy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of visual field testing?

    <p>To assess the integrity of the visual pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the visual field is correct?

    <p>It represents the area of space from which the visual system gathers information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a primary function of the visual field?

    <p>To detect motion and shift fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rationale behind assessing visual fields in clinical practice?

    <p>To identify areas of reduced visual sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a challenge in assessing visual fields in children?

    <p>Children have difficulty maintaining fixation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a marker of test reliability in visual field assessment?

    <p>Consistent responses to stimuli in the same location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about visual field development is correct?

    <p>Visual fields continue to develop into early adulthood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the normative visual field (VF) growth templates shown in the text?

    <p>To compare individual patient VF data to normative values across different age groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the LEAST likely reason for including the 'GOLDMANN VS. OCTOPUS' section in the text?

    <p>To demonstrate the impact of patient age on VF measurements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'READING LIST' section in the text?

    <p>To provide additional context and background information on the topic of visual field assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN message conveyed by the 'NORMATIVE VF GROWTH' figures in the text?

    <p>VF sensitivity decreases with increasing age in healthy individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST likely explanation for the inclusion of the 'SUMMARY' section in the text?

    <p>To provide a concise overview of the key concepts related to visual field assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the inclusion of the 'TYPES OF ASSESSMENT' section in the text?

    <p>To provide an overview of the different approaches to VF assessment, including novel techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the MAIN purpose of the 'CLINICAL CONDITION' section in the text?

    <p>To suggest that VF assessment should be tailored to the specific clinical condition of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the studies mentioned, which of the following statements is true regarding kinetic perimetry in children?

    <p>The kinetic perimetry reliability measure (KPRM) was developed to evaluate kinetic approaches in childhood neuro-ophthalmic disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the findings of the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?

    <p>Normative visual field values for children were established using kinetic perimetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Niederhauser and Mojon, what is the effect of high refractive errors on isopter position in kinetic perimetry?

    <p>High refractive errors influence isopter position outside the central 30 degrees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of perimetry in children, based on the information provided?

    <p>A survey revealed variations in perimetry practices for children in the United Kingdom and Ireland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the use of perimetry in children?

    <p>Kinetic perimetry is the only approach suitable for visual field testing in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information provided, which of the following statements is true regarding the OPTIC (Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children) studies?

    <p>The OPTIC studies evaluated both kinetic and static perimetry approaches in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which of the following statements is correct regarding the use of perimetry in children?

    <p>Age-appropriate testing strategies and normative data are essential for accurate perimetry in children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the study by Quinn et al., which of the following statements is true regarding visual field testing in children aged 4-10 years?

    <p>The study found that Goldmann and double-arc perimeters can be used in this age group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the effect of refractive errors on kinetic perimetry, based on the information provided?

    <p>Refractive errors have no impact on isopter position in kinetic perimetry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Visual Field Testing

    • The visual field represents an area of space from which the visual system gathers information.
    • Description of visual pathway (recap):
      • Detect motion
      • Draw attention (fixation)

    Purpose of Visual Field Testing

    • Diagnosis of disease
    • Monitoring of progressive loss
    • Decisions about management

    Types of Visual Field Assessments

    • Confrontation
    • Static
    • Kinetic
    • Automated
    • Manual
    • Novel techniques

    Static Perimetry

    • Features:
      • Threshold vs. supra-threshold
      • Generally 30/24 degrees
      • In UK, HES, Humphrey perimeters are widely used
    • Choosing the algorithm:
      • SITA and ‘G’ for glaucoma
      • SITA vs. Standard
      • G vs. TOP
    • Strengths and weaknesses:
      • Screening (supra-threshold)
      • In-depth assessment (threshold)
      • Concentration
      • Repeatable
      • Mistakes can ruin a test
      • Automated
      • Duration

    Kinetic Perimetry

    • Features:
      • Moving stimuli
      • Varying size/intensity
      • Full-field assessment
      • Can use static points
      • Manual/semi-automated
    • Defining an isopter
    • Assessment of blind spot
    • 12 vs. 24 points
    • Nomenclature:
      • Relative or Absolute scotoma
      • Meridian

    Visual Field Development in Children

    • Normative values:
      • Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
      • Age group (years)
    • Growth charts:
      • III4e
      • I4e
      • I2e
    • Children aged 5-6 years:
      • Mean (SD) isopter area (deg²)
      • Median value
    • Children aged 13-15 years:
      • Red line
      • III4e

    Challenges of Assessment in Children

    • Learning effect
    • Fatigue
    • Variable responses

    Reliability of Testing

    • Markers of test reliability
    • Adaptations for children
    • Indicators and measures

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of visual field testing, including the visual pathway, rationale for assessment, types of assessments, and markers of test performance. Designed by Dipesh E Patel, a leading expert in Orthoptics and Clinical Research at UCL. Test your knowledge and understanding of visual field testing in this informative quiz.

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