Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the primary function of bacteria in the environment?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of bacteria in the environment?
- To create new species by introducing genetic mutations.
- To cause diseases and infections in humans and animals
- To produce oxygen through photosynthesis.
- To break down dead organic matter, making nutrients available for other organisms. (correct)
What distinguishes bacteria from other single-celled organisms like fungi and algae?
What distinguishes bacteria from other single-celled organisms like fungi and algae?
- Their lack of a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (correct)
- Their ability to form colonies.
- Their presence in diverse habitats.
- Their ability to reproduce through binary fission.
Where is the genetic information of a bacterium located?
Where is the genetic information of a bacterium located?
- In ribosomes scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
- In numerous chromosomes within the nucleus.
- In a distinct nucleus with a membrane.
- In a single loop of DNA within the cytoplasm. (correct)
What is the purpose of the slime layer or capsule surrounding some bacteria?
What is the purpose of the slime layer or capsule surrounding some bacteria?
Which of these shapes is NOT a typical form found in bacteria?
Which of these shapes is NOT a typical form found in bacteria?
What does the term "saprotroph" indicate about a bacterium's feeding habits?
What does the term "saprotroph" indicate about a bacterium's feeding habits?
Knowing that a bacterium is called a 'streptococcus' provides information about which characteristic?
Knowing that a bacterium is called a 'streptococcus' provides information about which characteristic?
Which of these statements is TRUE about bacteria?
Which of these statements is TRUE about bacteria?
What is the primary function of a capsid in a virus?
What is the primary function of a capsid in a virus?
Why are viruses considered obligate internal parasites?
Why are viruses considered obligate internal parasites?
What distinguishes a bacteriophage from a typical virus?
What distinguishes a bacteriophage from a typical virus?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT displayed by viruses?
Which of the following characteristics is NOT displayed by viruses?
What does it mean for a virus to be classified as pathogenic?
What does it mean for a virus to be classified as pathogenic?
Besides the shapes of viruses described in the content, which of the following best describes how a regular virus looks like in terms of its components?
Besides the shapes of viruses described in the content, which of the following best describes how a regular virus looks like in terms of its components?
What happens to viruses when they are not inside a host?
What happens to viruses when they are not inside a host?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of viruses that contributes to them being considered non-living?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of viruses that contributes to them being considered non-living?
Flashcards
Virus reproduction
Virus reproduction
Viruses reproduce by converting host cell DNA or RNA into viral nucleic acids to create new viruses.
Bacteria
Bacteria
Bacteria are unicellular, prokaryotic organisms belonging to the kingdom Monera, existing over 3.5 billion years.
Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Organisms without a membrane-bound nucleus, like bacteria.
Structure of bacteria
Structure of bacteria
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Cell wall
Cell wall
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Shapes of bacteria
Shapes of bacteria
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Saprotrophs
Saprotrophs
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Flagella
Flagella
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Viruses
Viruses
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Structure of viruses
Structure of viruses
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Size of viruses
Size of viruses
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Obligate internal parasites
Obligate internal parasites
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Viruses vs Living Organisms
Viruses vs Living Organisms
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Pathogenic viruses
Pathogenic viruses
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Bacteriophages
Bacteriophages
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Dormant viruses
Dormant viruses
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Study Notes
Viruses
- Viruses are not classified as one of the 5 kingdoms of living organisms
- Viruses are non-living as they lack cellular structure
- Ongoing debate regarding viral classification as living/non-living
- Viruses are extremely small (20-300nm), requiring an electron microscope to view
- Shapes include rod-shaped, spherical, and complex
- Typical virus contains DNA or RNA (never both) enclosed within a protein coat (capsid)
- Viruses are acellular, lacking cytoplasm and organelles
- Viruses cannot feed, excrete, respire, or move independently
- Viruses are obligate internal parasites, requiring a host for reproduction
- Viruses infect host cells to reproduce, converting host genetic material into new viral particles
- Examples of human viral diseases are HIV/AIDS, chickenpox, herpes, and influenza
Bacteria
- Bacteria are single-celled prokaryotic organisms, classified in the Kingdom Monera
- Bacteria have been around for more than 3.5 billion years.
- Structurally simple, lacking nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
- DNA located in a region called nucleoid.
- Surrounded by a cell wall composed of polysaccharides, proteins, and lipids.
- Some bacteria have a slime layer or capsule for protection.
- Plasma membrane lies directly below the cell wall
- Cell movement can occur via flagella
- Cell shapes include coccus (round), bacillus (rod-shaped), spirillum (spiral-shaped), and vibrio (comma-shaped)
- Bacteria vary in how they obtain energy:
- Saprotrophs feed on dead organic matter
- Autotrophs produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
- Heterotrophs cannot make their own food, obtaining energy from external sources. This includes parasitic bacteria (obtain nutrients from a living organism)
- Mutualistic bacteria live symbiotically, benefiting both organisms in the relationship
- Bacteria can respire with (aerobic) or without (anaerobic) oxygen.
- Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission, dividing into two new cells.
- Under adverse conditions, many bacteria form endospores for survival
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