40 Questions
What is the main role of the capsid in a virus?
To protect the viral genomic material from environmental factors
Which of the following is a function of viral envelope proteins?
Recognition by cellular receptors
What distinguishes non-enveloped viruses from enveloped viruses?
Non-enveloped viruses are more resistant to environmental conditions
What is the role of capsomers in a virus?
To form clusters of proteins that compose the capsid
In viral classification, what is responsible for grouping viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis?
Baltimore classification system
Which virus is named after the disease it causes?
Hepatitis virus
What is a complete virus particle called?
Virion
'A susceptible and permissive cell' is defined as:
A cell with a functional receptor for a given virus and able to support viral replication
What distinguishes enveloped viruses from non-enveloped viruses?
Enveloped viruses usually cause more cellular damage
What distinguishes non-enveloped viruses from enveloped viruses?
Non-enveloped viruses are more resistant to pH, heat, dryness, alcohol, soap
What is the definition of viral pathogenesis?
The process by which a virus causes a disease
How is viral virulence quantitated?
All of the above
What is the meaning of 'signs' in the context of disease symptoms?
What others detect
Which of the following is NOT an influencing factor on viral virulence?
Mean time to appearance of signs
What is the burden of viral disease in terms of human deaths each year?
2-3 million deaths
Which virus caused 10% of child mortality in the developing world due to diarrheal and vomiting in conjunction with malnutrition?
Enterovirus
How many individuals were infected with HIV in 2012?
34 million
What was the death toll due to HIV/AIDS in 2012?
2.1 million
All viruses have a lipid membrane called an envelope.
False
The viral envelope is made from fatty lipid molecules taken from the host cells.
True
Non-enveloped viruses are more resistant to environmental conditions like pH, heat, and dryness.
True
The main role of the capsid is to protect the viral genomic material.
True
Capsomers are clusters of proteins that compose the viral genetic material.
False
The lipid bilayer of the viral envelope is involved in virus attachment to cells.
True
Virus classification is responsible for grouping viruses based on their manner of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis.
False
Naming viruses after scientists who first identified the virus is a common practice in virus nomenclature.
True
Viruses share a one common ancestor and do not mutate or change.
False
Viruses outnumber bacteria at a ratio of 10:1.
True
A resistant cell has no receptor for a given virus and is not competent to support viral replication.
True
The infectious life cycle of a virus includes stages such as attachment to cells, mRNA translation using host ribosomes, and egress (exit).
True
Viral virulence is a fixed property and does not change based on the route of infection, species, age, sex, and susceptibility of the host.
False
Signs in the context of disease symptoms refer to what only the individual can feel.
False
Viral virulence can be quantitated based on the mean time to appearance of signs.
True
The Burden of Viral Disease results in approximately 2-3 million deaths each year.
True
Viral Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a virus creates a disease through the effects of viral infection and replication as well as the effects of host response (immune system).
True
Virulence depends on the dose, route of infection, species, age, sex, and susceptibility of the host.
True
Viral virulence is mainly influenced by the measurement of fever and weight loss.
False
The capacity of a virus to cause disease in a host is known as Viral Virulence.
True
Many signs and symptoms of disease are caused by the immune response.
True
Viral virulence is a fixed property that cannot be compared between different viruses without considering various factors.
True
Study Notes
- Introduction to Virology & Virus structure and Classification is part of the BMS2037 course at the University of Surrey, taught by Dr. Marine Petit.
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites with genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat (capsid), sometimes an envelope (lipid bilayer) taken from the host cells.
- Capsid's role is to protect the viral genomic material, which is usually DNA or RNA.
- The virus envelope is involved in attachment to cells and can help the virus avoid the immune response.
- The capsid comes in three forms: helical, icosahedric, and scaffolded icosahedric.
- Capsid assembly involves the formation of a capsid shell and the packaging of the viral genome inside.
- The capsid has repeating protein structures and is a closed 3-dimensional structure.
- Viruses are classified into a taxonomic system by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), based on phenotypic characteristics.
- Viruses are everywhere and are involved in a wide range of diseases, from gastroenteritis and respiratory infections to zoonotic diseases.
- The viral life cycle consists of attachment to cells, entry and uncoating, mRNA synthesis, translation using host ribosomes, assembly, and egress.
- Viral virulence refers to the capacity of a virus to cause disease in a host and can be quantitated through various methods, such as virus titer and mean time to death.
- The Burden of Viral Disease causes 2-3 million deaths each year, with diseases such as enterovirus, measles, diarrheal and vomiting, influenza, and HIV (AIDS) being some of the most common.
- The course, Introduction to Virology & Virus structure and Classification, covers topics such as clinical virology and diagnostics, the infectious cycle of virus replication mechanisms, and research methods in virology.
Test your knowledge of virology, virus structure, and classification with this quiz based on the BMS2037 Cellular Microbiology and Virology course. Explore topics such as how viruses infect cells, the global virome, and diseases caused by viruses.
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