Introduction to Virology Quiz

False (B)

viruses

<p>virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Virology = The scientific study of viruses Obligate intracellular parasite = An organism that requires a host cell to reproduce Bacteriophages = Have metabolic activity Vectors = Transmit viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infectious mononucleosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>B-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Downey cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anti-VCA IgM = Appears early in EBV infection and disappears within 4-6 weeks Anti-VCA IgG = Appears in the acute phase of EBV, peaks at 2-4 weeks Monospot test = Not recommended for general use due to potential for false positives</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Burkitt lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glandular Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eclipse period (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect the virus from degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sputum = Respiratory infections CSF = Central nervous system infections Stool = Gastrointestinal tract infections Eye swabs = Eye infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freezing agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first several days following onset of symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cannot replicate independently (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pox = DNA Toga = RNA Herpes = DNA Corona = RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitosis or binary fission (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both A and C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental dam or condom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>genital</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HSV-1 = Herpes labialis HSV-2 = Herpetic whitlow</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painful blisters and fever (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>EIA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytomegalovirus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PAP/Giemsa stain</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roseola Infantum</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Herpes Virus 8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytomegalovirus = Mononucleosis-like illness HHV6 = Roseola Infantum HHV8 = Kaposi Sarcoma HHV5 = CMV Retinitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T lymphocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

Viruses are not considered living organisms because they lack the ability to reproduce independently, metabolize, or respond to stimuli. They are obligate intracellular parasites that rely on host cells for replication.

Viruses can spread through various vectors including insects, animals, and even objects.

Viruses contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material but not both. This is a key distinction from cellular organisms.

Viruses must rely on a living host cell to replicate. They invade the host cell and use its resources to make more viruses.

Viruses are classified based on their genetic material (DNA or RNA), size and shape, and presence or absence of an envelope.

Viruses must invade a host cell and use its resources to replicate.

The first step in viral replication is adsorption, where the virus binds to a specific host cell.

Penetration is the process where a virus enters a host cell, marking the beginning of its infectious cycle.

Viruses cannot be seen using a light microscope, as they are too small.

While viruses lack a nucleus and cytoplasm, some may possess an envelope which is a layer surrounding their protein coat.

The stage where the virus's genetic material is replicated, but intact virions are not yet detectable.

The process where the virus's protein coat separates from its genome or rearranges to expose the genome for replication.

A solution used for transporting viral samples, maintaining their stability and inhibiting bacterial/fungal growth.

The process by which new viral particles are assembled within the host cell.

The process by which enveloped viruses leave the host cell, acquiring their envelope from the host cell's membrane.

The process by which naked viruses leave the host cell by causing the cell to rupture.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the most critical sample for diagnosing meningitis or encephalitis.

Viral concentrations are highest during the initial days of symptoms, making this period ideal for sample collection.

A virus that can cause cold sores or fever blisters around the mouth, and is spread through kissing, sharing objects like lip balm, and skin-to-skin contact.

A virus that can cause genital herpes, and is primarily spread through sexual contact but can also be transmitted from a mother to her infant during delivery.

HSV-1 is most contagious when sores are active.

A person with HSV-1 can spread the virus even if they don't have symptoms.

It's important to avoid close contact, like kissing and oral sex, with someone who has an active HSV-1 infection.

Using a barrier like a dental dam or condom during oral sex can help prevent HSV-1 transmission.

A common symptom of HSV-1 infection is gingivostomatitis, which is an inflammation of the gums and mouth.

A common symptom of HSV-2 infection is genital infection, which can cause painful blisters or sores on the genitals, anus, or surrounding areas.

A rapid cell culture method used for detecting viruses.

A technique used to detect the genetic material (DNA) of a virus.

A virus that primarily infects humans and is known as the "kissing disease".

The mode of transmission for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), usually through sharing saliva.

The cells where Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) remains dormant.

The most common disease caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), characterized by fatigue, fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

Abnormal lymphocytes (white blood cells) often found in infectious mononucleosis.

A type of cancer affecting B-lymphocytes, linked to Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV).

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus that can cause a range of symptoms, from mild illness to severe complications. It is particularly concerning for pregnant women and newborns, as it can lead to birth defects or serious health issues. CMV is spread through bodily fluids, such as saliva, blood, urine, and semen. It can also be transmitted through organ transplantation and breastfeeding. Infections are usually asymptomatic but can cause mononucleosis-like symptoms, which can be distinguished from Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis by the absence of heterophile antibodies. CMV infection can also lead to serious complications in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing organ transplantation.

A hallmark of CMV infection is the presence of "owl's eye" inclusions, which are characteristic nuclear inclusions that appear as large, round structures with a central dot resembling an owl's eye. These inclusions are visible in infected cells when examined under a microscope.

The tests used to detect CMV infection depend on the clinical situation. A PAP/Giemsa stain is used on urine or tissue samples, while blood tests can be used to identify active infection. Other body fluids, such as saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, amniotic fluid, and tissue samples, can also be tested based on the clinical presentation. In addition, CMV can be cultured in human diploid fibroblast cells (HDF cells) to further confirm the diagnosis.

Roseola Infantum, also known as Sixth Disease, is a common viral infection that affects young children, typically between the ages of 9 and 12 months. The infection is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever that lasts for 3-5 days, followed by the development of a distinctive rash. The rash is usually pinkish-red in color and appears mainly on the trunk and neck. The virus responsible for Roseola Infantum is Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV6). Spread is likely through close contact via the respiratory route, and the virus remains latent in T lymphocytes after infection.

Kaposi's sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that causes lesions to grow on the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs. The lesions are usually purple or brown and can appear anywhere on the body. Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by infection with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8). The infection is more common in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, but it can also occur in people with healthy immune systems. Treatment options for Kaposi's sarcoma include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and antiviral medications.