Introduction to Virology

What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

Which of the following accurately describes enveloped viruses?

Which type of viral genome consists of both single-stranded and double-stranded forms?

What differentiates a naked virus from an enveloped virus?

During which cycle does a virus integrate its genome into the host's DNA and remain latent?

What does the term 'obligate intracellular parasites' indicate about viruses?

Which method of viral entry involves the virus tricking the host cell into engulfing it?

Which type of viral capsid structure is characterized by 20 equilateral triangles?

What is a common characteristic of all viruses?

What role do glycoproteins fulfill in enveloped viruses?

What is a defining characteristic of viruses that distinguishes them from living cells?

What component of a virus protects its genetic material?

Which type of viral genome is characterized by having a single strand of nucleic acid?

What distinguishes an enveloped virus from a naked virus?

In which viral replication cycle does the viral DNA remain dormant within the host cell?

Which viral entry mechanism is characterized by the virus fusing with the host cell membrane?

What term describes the exchange of genetic material between two different viruses within a host cell?

What type of virus structure involves viral proteins arranged in a way that forms a 20-sided shape?

What best describes a bacteriophage's method of injecting genetic material into a host cell?

What is the purpose of glycoproteins found on the surface of some viruses?

What component is unique to enveloped viruses and absent in naked viruses?

Which type of viral genome consists of either DNA or RNA but never both?

What structure protects the viral genetic material and helps it survive outside the host cell?

Which type of viral entry mechanism involves the use of host cell receptors for virus uptake?

In which viral replication cycle do viruses proliferate and ultimately cause the host cell to lyse?

What is the process by which segmented viruses exchange genetic material?

Which capsid structure is specifically arranged helically to form a tube-like appearance?

What type of viral genetic material is characterized by its double-stranded form?

Which step is key in the transition from a lysogenic cycle to a lytic cycle?

Which classification of viruses infects bacterial cells specifically?

What is the primary feature that distinguishes a complex capsid structure from other types?

Which of the following accurately describes naked viruses?

What characterizes the lytic cycle of viral replication?

Which factor is NOT used to classify viruses?

Which type of viral genome is defined as containing circular forms?

What distinguishes enveloped viruses from naked viruses in terms of structure?

In viral entry, which mechanism involves exploiting host cell receptors?

During which cycle does a virus replicate without killing the host cell?

What is a common method by which bacteriophages inject their genetic material into host cells?

Which of the following statements about glycoproteins in viruses is TRUE?

What is the structure that consists of a viral genome protected by a protein coat?

Which of the following best describes the lytic cycle?

What main factor is NOT used in the classification of viruses?

Which type of viruses contain a lipid bilayer membrane?

What is a common characteristic of segmented viral genomes?

What occurs during the lysogenic cycle of a virus?

Which characteristic defines helical viruses?

Which method does a naked virus use to enter a host cell?

What describes the role of glycoproteins within the viral envelope?

What mechanism is primarily responsible for genetic exchange between viruses?

What best describes the structure of a virus?

In which type of capsid structure are proteins arranged in a helical formation?

What characteristic describes a virus with a lipid envelop?

Which viral infection method is common for enveloped viruses?

What type of virus specifically targets bacteria?

Which term describes the phase where a virus replicates and causes the host cell to burst?

What components are found in the nucleocapsid of a virus?

What method do viruses commonly use to enter host cells?

What is NOT a criterion used for classifying viruses?

What best defines the viral genome?

What defines viruses as obligate intracellular parasites?

Which best describes the composition of a virus's nucleocapsid?

What is a distinguishing feature of RNA viruses compared to DNA viruses?

What feature differentiates complex viruses from helical and icosahedral viruses?

Which method of viral entry involves interaction with specific receptors on the host cell's surface?

During which viral cycle does the host cell eventually burst to release new virions?

What primary factor classifies viruses when considering their genome composition?

What characterizes enveloped viruses compared to naked viruses?

Which of the following best describes glycoproteins found on enveloped viruses?

Which viral attribute is essential for identifying the type of host a virus can infect?

Which mechanism of genetic exchange involves the combination of genetic material from segmented viruses?

What is complementation in the context of viral interactions?

What is NOT a characteristic of the lytic cycle?

Which of the following best describes phenotypic mixing?

What role does recombination play in viral genetics?

Which best describes the condition of a dormant virus in the lysogenic cycle?

What is the potential impact of reassortment in viruses?

What distinguishes lytic viruses from lysogenic viruses?

What is an example of a virus that utilizes complementation?

What is the primary function of the viral nucleocapsid?

Which of the following correctly describes the characteristics of naked viruses?

What type of host do bacteriophages specifically infect?

What is a key characteristic of the lytic cycle in viral multiplication?

Which method allows enveloped viruses to enter host cells?

What aspect of viral classification does genome geometry refer to?

Which viral feature aids in binding to receptor sites on host cells?

What distinguishes a complex virus from helical and icosahedral viruses?

Which statement accurately reflects the replication process of viruses?

What describes the process by which some viruses can remain dormant in host cells?

What mechanism involves the exchange of segments of a viral genome between two virions?

Which method allows a defective virus to gain missing components from a functional virus?

What is the purpose of phenotypic mixing in viruses?

Which characteristic about viruses is true regarding their classification?

What does recombination in viruses refer to?

What is a major distinction between lytic and lysogenic cycles in viruses?

Which viral exchange mechanism does not involve the direct exchange of genetic material?

What type of viruses use reassortment as a mechanism for genetic exchange?

What role does capsid protein exchange play in phenotypic mixing?

Which of the following statements is NOT true about viruses?

What defines the primary structure of a virus?

Which of the following accurately describes the lytic cycle of viral replication?

How are viruses classified based on their genome composition?

What is a key characteristic of naked viruses?

What mechanism do envelope viruses primarily use to enter host cells?

Which viral structure is described as having proteins arranged in a tube-like form?

What occurs during the process of recombination in viruses?

What distinguishes a icosahedral virus from a helical virus?

What is the primary consequence of a virus using the lytic cycle?

In which replication cycle does viral genetic material integrate into the host's genome?