Introduction to Ultrasound Imaging

Who was the first to use ultrasound in medical diagnosis?

What technique did Ian Donald introduce in 1956?

Which development was significant in the late 1950s for ultrasound technology?

What was introduced in the 1970s that revolutionized ultrasound imaging?

Which individual was credited with introducing computer technology into diagnostic ultrasound?

Which effect is associated with ultrasound and involves temperature rise near the transducer?

What biological effect of ultrasound includes cavitation pressure?

What significant imaging capability was introduced in the 1980s?

What is the primary purpose of ultrasound imaging?

What frequency range characterizes ultrasound?

Who is credited with the first significant research into echolocation?

What was one of the uses of ultrasound during World War 1?

What is one of the advantages of ultrasound imaging?

What device did Paul Langevin invent that is significant in ultrasound history?

What does the term 'sonography' mean?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of ultrasound?

Purpose and Principles of Ultrasound

Ultrasound imaging (sonography) utilizes high-frequency sound waves to visualize internal body structures.
Captures real-time images, allowing observation of organ movement and blood flow.
Ultrasound operates beyond human hearing, using frequencies above 20 kHz, typically between 2-20 MHz.

Historical Development

Lazaro Spallanzani (1794) pioneered echolocation studies, discovering bats use sound, not light, for navigation.
Sir Francis Galton (1880) created equipment for producing 40 Hz sound waves.
Paul-Jacques and Pierre Curie (1880) discovered piezoelectricity, enabling electricity generation in quartz under mechanical vibration.
Paul Langevin (1915) developed sonar for submarine detection during WWI and invented the hydrophone as the first transducer.
Sy Sokolov (1928) proposed using ultrasound to detect flaws in metal structures.
Dr. Karl Dussik (1940) conducted the first medical ultrasound diagnosis to detect brain tumors using transducer placement on the head.
William Fry integrated computer technology into diagnostic ultrasound.
George Ludwig (early 20th century) studied ultrasound reflections from gallstones, highlighting varying acoustic impedances.
Ian Donald (1956) introduced ultrasound to medicine, utilizing A-mode to measure fetal head size.
Tom Brown invented the two-dimensional compound scanner, improving tissue density visualization.
Late 1950s saw the creation of the first contact compound B-scanner, producing static images with olive oil as lubricant.
The 1970s marked the introduction of gray scale imaging, enhancing echo amplitude display.
Mid-1970s introduced real-time scanning systems, offering dynamic sonographic information for the first time.
The Doppler technique was introduced in the 1980s, enhancing blood flow studies.

Biological Effects of Ultrasound

Thermal effects include slight temperature increases near the transducer, particularly significant at bone-tissue interfaces, with pulsed Doppler showing a higher heating potential.
Mechanical effects comprise cavitation, which involves pressure variations due to ultrasound waves.

This quiz covers the fundamental principles and applications of ultrasound imaging, also known as sonography. You will learn about the purpose, history, and biological effects of ultrasound technology, making it essential for those studying this medical imaging technique.