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Questions and Answers
What are the 3 most important parts of a trauma assessment?
What are the 3 most important parts of a trauma assessment?
What is the second leading cause of death in Abu Dhabi?
What is the second leading cause of death in Abu Dhabi?
Injury
Road traffic crashes are the #1 cause of fatal injuries in Abu Dhabi.
Road traffic crashes are the #1 cause of fatal injuries in Abu Dhabi.
True
What percentage of road traffic deaths occur in low- to middle-income countries?
What percentage of road traffic deaths occur in low- to middle-income countries?
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What age group is most at risk for road death?
What age group is most at risk for road death?
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What is the primary survey for trauma patients?
What is the primary survey for trauma patients?
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Trauma care should only be based on the assessment of each trauma patient.
Trauma care should only be based on the assessment of each trauma patient.
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The ______ is how the healthcare provider achieves the principle.
The ______ is how the healthcare provider achieves the principle.
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What is the goal of EMS in limiting scene time for severely injured patients?
What is the goal of EMS in limiting scene time for severely injured patients?
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Amputation is a time-critical condition in trauma patients.
Amputation is a time-critical condition in trauma patients.
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What is the primary survey used to identify in trauma patients?
What is the primary survey used to identify in trauma patients?
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What are the ‘Golden Principles’ of trauma care?
What are the ‘Golden Principles’ of trauma care?
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What is one of the errors listed in the presentation as a common mistake in trauma care?
What is one of the errors listed in the presentation as a common mistake in trauma care?
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A diverse team must work together to provide the best chance for a favorable outcome for trauma patients.
A diverse team must work together to provide the best chance for a favorable outcome for trauma patients.
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Match the following with their correct description in Trauma care.
Match the following with their correct description in Trauma care.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Trauma (EHS201)
- The course introduces trauma care, focusing on international trends, UAE-specific data, and the management approach.
- Lesson objectives include discussions of accident mortality trends, common injuries in the UAE, the trauma patient management approach, and "golden principles" in trauma care.
Trauma in Abu Dhabi
- Injury is the second leading cause of death (behind cardiovascular disease) in Abu Dhabi.
- Road traffic incidents are the leading cause of fatal injuries in Abu Dhabi, accounting for 67% of fatalities from 2007-2012.
- In Abu Dhabi, in 2011, injuries were the second leading cause of death of a total of 2902 deaths in the emirate.
World Health Organization Data
- Road traffic collisions result in over 1.25 million deaths globally annually.
- Road traffic injuries are the primary cause of death among 15-29-year-olds globally.
- Vulnerable road users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, account for roughly half of those dying on the world's roads.
- Road traffic crashes cost most countries 3% of their gross domestic product.
- Without intervention, road traffic crashes are projected to become the seventh leading cause of death by 2030.
Fatal Road Traffic Injuries in Abu Dhabi (2008-2011)
- Drivers are the most common victims in traffic collisions.
- Seatbelt usage rates are low.
- Pedestrians and drivers are substantially impacted in traffic collisions.
Who is at Risk?
- Socioeconomic status plays a crucial role; over 90% of road traffic deaths occur in low-middle-income countries, and Africa has the highest road traffic fatality rate.
- Age is significant; those aged 15 to 44 account for 48% of road traffic deaths.
- Sex is a risk factor; approximately 73% of deaths involve young men under 25.
Road Deaths by Age
- Adolescents and young adults and the elderly are at higher risk for road deaths.
- The mortality rate per 100,000 population is different across various age groups.
Leading Causes of Death in Children
- Road traffic injuries are a leading cause of childhood fatalities in Abu Dhabi.
- Various other causes of death in children, like congenital anomalies and infections, are also significant.
Risk Factors in Road Traffic Collisions
- Speeding.
- Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs (DUI).
- Lack of helmet use for motorcycle, seat belts, and child restraints.
- Distracted driving.
- Unsafe road infrastructure.
- Unsafe vehicles.
Life Years Lost in 2011
- Injuries is the second leading cause of global healthy life years lost in Abu Dhabi, with 43,000 health life years lost in 2011.
Cost of Trauma in Abu Dhabi
- 1.3 million first aid cases annually.
- 130,000 emergency room visits per year.
- 12,000 hospitalizations annually.
- 514 fatalities.
Trauma Care
- Trauma care should be based on thorough research and individualized interventions.
- Deliver the trauma patient appropriately, considering the facility, mode, and time.
- Interventions must be rapid, safe, and directed to the appropriate facility.
Research
- Research in trauma care validates existing practices, disproves certain practices, and establishes directions for future practices.
Team Approach in Trauma Care
- Trauma care requires collaborative efforts involving diverse teams including citizens, dispatch, Emergency Medical Services, transport services, emergency departments, surgeons, specialty services, and rehabilitation professionals.
What to Do?
- Trauma care principles are fundamentals for improvement or survival based on scientific evidence.
- The specific approach is influenced by the patient condition, knowledge of healthcare providers, protocols, and available resources.
Patient Assessment
- Patient assessment begins with dispatch information, chief complaint, location, scene situation, safety, available resources, and number of patients involved.
- Mechanism of injury is determined.
- Primary survey (XABCDE) and secondary assessment are performed, followed by reassessment.
Time-Critical Patients
- Transportation mode (ground versus air) and destination are critical decisions for time-sensitive trauma cases.
- Time-critical trauma cases must be differentiated from non-time-critical ones.
Time-Critical Patient Criteria
- Severe airway occlusion or difficulty in maintaining a patent airway.
- Abnormal respiratory rate and inadequate tidal volume.
- Hypoxia and respiratory distress.
- Suspected skull fractures, flail chest, pneumothorax, hemothorax, and tension pneumothorax.
- Pelvic fractures.
- Two or more proximal long bone fractures.
- Crushed or mangled extremities.
- Multisystem trauma.
- Suspected brain injury.
- Uncontrolled external hemorrhages and internal hemorrhages.
- Signs and symptoms of shock, significant external blood loss, and altered mental status (GCS less than 14).
- Seizure activity, sensory-motor deficit, penetrating trauma, and limb/body amputations.
Errors in Trauma Care
- Safety in the scene and early assessment of threats.
- Distracting non-life threatening injuries should not be prioritized over the most critical issues.
- Quick assessment using the "basics" and scene management are key for trauma care.
- Addressing signs of deterioration and failure to reassess are crucial errors to avoid.
- Transport and destination choices should be thoroughly considered.
Golden Principles in Trauma Care
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Safety for prehospital personnel and patients is primordial in trauma care.
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Thorough assessment of scene to manage resources appropriately and quickly.
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Recognizing and understanding the kinematics involved in the injuries during the assessments.
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Utilizing primary surveys to identify imminent threats to establish priorities and action plans for intervention.
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Intervention should take quick action to have the best chance of outcome.
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Implementing and managing airway, and addressing any cervical spine issues is critical.
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Supplemental Oxygen to maintain SpO2 greater than 95% and immediate management of hemorrhaging is a priority during interventions.
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Managing musculoskeletal and body temperature control is important to address immediate needs followed by the management of shock.
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Immobilizing and transporting to the appropriate facility following EMS arrival.
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Minimizing scene time.
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Early intravenous fluid replacement is a strategy to address shock while transferring the patient using adequate preparation.
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Collecting and documenting medical history and a thorough secondary assessment following initial management.
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Thorough communication following injury needs to be properly communicated with the treating hospital.
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Do no further harm/damage
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Document and record all actions/decisions/situations.
References
- Authors and publications from specific years on Trauma care.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of trauma care with an emphasis on international trends and UAE-specific data. You will explore accident mortality trends, common injuries in Abu Dhabi, and effective trauma management approaches. Understand the critical 'golden principles' in delivering trauma care.
