Introduction to Theory of Architecture
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Questions and Answers

Which ratio represents the Golden Ratio?

  • AB:BC = BC:AC = 1:1.618 (correct)
  • AB:AC = BC:AB = 1:1.318
  • AB:AC = BC:AC = 1:1.618
  • AB:BC = AC:BC = 1:2.618
  • What is the main principle of the Kyo-Ma Method related to floor mats and column spacing?

  • The floor mat size varies, while column spacing remains constant.
  • The floor mat size remains constant, while column spacing varies depending on room size and column thickness. (correct)
  • Both the floor mat size and column spacing are variable to suit different room dimensions.
  • Both the floor mat size and column spacing remain constant regardless of room dimensions.
  • What is Kinesthesia most accurately defined as?

  • The art of creating optical illusions through strategic placement of objects.
  • The perception of body movements and changes in position without reliance on all five senses. (correct)
  • The analysis of how visual stimuli affect spatial awareness.
  • The study of body proportions in relation to architectural design.
  • What mathematical concept directly relates to the Golden Ratio?

    <p>The Fibonacci Sequence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artist is known for their exploration of the golden ratio in their works?

    <p>Leonardo Da Vinci (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the definitions provided, what is the primary purpose of a theory?

    <p>To offer a scientifically accepted general principle or system of ideas that explains a phenomenon. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'arkhitekton' is composed of which Greek roots, and what do they signify in the context of architecture?

    <p>Arkhi (chief) and Tekton (builder), indicating the chief builder or designer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'architecture' encompass besides the design of buildings?

    <p>Both the art and the science of designing and constructing habitable environments, as well as the style characteristic of a people or time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT explicitly identified as a component of architecture?

    <p>Demolishing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does the term 'subtractive transformation' describe in the context of design?

    <p>Altering a form by removing a portion of its volume. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of balance is achieved when a landscape has an informal arrangement of parts while still maintaining overall equilibrium?

    <p>Gravitational Balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of rhythm in design?

    <p>To establish repetition of design elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes accented rhythm from unaccented rhythm?

    <p>Accented rhythm emphasizes a specific part. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of emphasis in design?

    <p>To create a focal point or climax (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the simplest kind of unity?

    <p>Repetition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included as a key element of design unity?

    <p>Value (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines light in the context given?

    <p>The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum perceivable by humans (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the amount of light given off by a light source?

    <p>Brightness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'hue' refer to in color theory?

    <p>A color or shade (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of scale deals with the proportions between parts of a structure?

    <p>Generic scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of using blue light on human behavior?

    <p>Makes us energetic and can interrupt sleep patterns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What combination produces a 'tint' in color theory?

    <p>Hue blended with white (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color property represents how much black or white is in a color?

    <p>Brightness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of a texture that reflects more light and appears brighter?

    <p>Smooth surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a hue blended with grey?

    <p>Tone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a hue that has been blended with black?

    <p>Shade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'Venustas' in the Vitruvian Triad refer to?

    <p>The aesthetic and beauty of a building (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In color psychology, which of the following colors is considered the most vibrant?

    <p>Red (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anthropometry focuses on body measurements at rest?

    <p>Static anthropometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon describes the optical illusion where one color appears closer than another?

    <p>Chromostereopsis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element does 'Firmitas' in the Vitruvian Triad represent?

    <p>Strength and durability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color is NOT part of the basic colors listed in color psychology?

    <p>Lilac (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the Vitruvian Triad focuses on responding to the needs of inhabitants?

    <p>Utilitas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of 'Anthropos' in anthropometrics?

    <p>Human (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ergonomics primarily focus on?

    <p>The arrangement of workplaces and products to fit users (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the modulor system in architecture?

    <p>To standardize measurements and proportions of the human body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes personal space?

    <p>The distance maintained for intimate interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which method is the ken grid of 6 shaku used?

    <p>To determine the center-to-center spacing of columns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does proxemics study?

    <p>The relationship between space use and human behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a component of ergonomic design?

    <p>Cultural anthropology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is texture related to ergonomic design?

    <p>It affects the quality and usability of materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term defines the three types of space: intimate, social, and public?

    <p>Proxemics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Theory

    A system of ideas designed to explain something.

    Architecture

    The art and science of designing and constructing buildings.

    Designing

    The profession of creating buildings and environments.

    Constructing

    The act of forming a coherent structure from materials.

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    Subtractive Transformation

    Changing a form by removing part of its volume.

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    Proportion

    Describes the relationship between sizes of spaces, masses, and the human body.

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    Scale

    Relates to how we perceive the size of architectural elements compared to others.

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    Hue

    The term used to describe different colors or shades.

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    Brightness

    Represents the quality of a color from dark to light.

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    Tint

    A hue blended with white to create a lighter version.

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    Tone

    A hue blended with grey, altering its intensity.

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    Shade

    A hue blended with black, resulting in a darker version.

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    Saturation

    Measures the intensity or purity of a color.

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    Radial Arrangement

    A design layout where all parts radiate from the center.

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    Asymmetrical Unity

    A balance in design differing in form but equal in weight, creating visual appeal.

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    Repetition

    The simplest kind of unity in design, involving the repeated use of elements.

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    Accent in Design

    An emphasis placed on a specific part of a design to create interest.

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    Rhythm in Design

    The repetition of elements like lines and shapes to create movement.

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    Unaccented Rhythm

    A type of rhythm that involves duplication without emphasis.

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    Accented Rhythm

    A rhythm that features repetition with emphasis on a specific part.

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    Brightness of Light

    The amount of light emitted by a light source, affecting how we perceive it.

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    Vitruvian Triad

    A principle consisting of Strength (Firmitas), Utility (Utilitas), and Beauty (Venustas) in architecture.

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    Firmitas

    Strength, Solidity, and Durability of a building to withstand time and elements.

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    Utilitas

    Utility, Function, or Commodity related to a building’s ability to meet user needs.

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    Venustas

    Aesthetic value, representing a building’s beauty and its alignment with contextual standards.

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    Chromostereopsis

    An optical illusion where colors appear at different distances due to their wavelengths.

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    Anthropometrics

    The study of human body measurements and capabilities in relation to design.

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    Static Anthropometry

    Measurement of body sizes when at rest, important for designing furniture and spaces.

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    Color Psychology

    The study of how colors influence perceptions and behaviors.

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    Functional Anthropometry

    The study of body measurements related to human abilities and task completion.

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    Ergonomics

    The design of workspaces and products to fit the needs of users effectively.

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    Classical Orders

    Architectural styles that mimic ideal human proportions in building design.

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    Modulor

    A proportioning system by Le Corbusier based on human body measurements.

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    Proxemics

    The study of personal space and its effects on behavior and communication.

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    Personal Space

    The distance a person maintains in intimate and personal interactions.

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    Social Space

    The distance maintained in social interactions, beyond personal space.

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    Ken Modulation Method

    A method in architecture determining spacing of columns using the ken grid.

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    Kinesthetic

    The perception of body movements and position without visual cues.

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    Kyo-Ma Method

    An architectural method where floor mat dimensions remain fixed while changes in space occur.

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    Golden Ratio

    A proportioning system that defines relationships in design as 1:1.618.

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    Fibonacci Sequence

    A numeric series where each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers.

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    Vitruvian Man

    A famous sketch by Leonardo Da Vinci illustrating the human body's proportions.

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    Study Notes

    Introduction to Theory of Architecture

    • Theory (Webster): a plausible, generally accepted principle, or body of principles, used to explain a phenomenon
    • Theory (Oxford): a supposition or system of ideas intended to explain something
    • Theory (Wikipedia): a contemplative, rational form of abstract generalization of thinking about a phenomenon; the results of this thinking
    • Architecture (Latin): the art and science of designing and constructing buildings
    • Architecture (Greek): arkhitekton (chief builder/carpenter/mason)
    • Architectural Work: the product of architectural work—buildings
    • Architectural Style: a method of building characteristic of a particular people, place, or historical period
    • Designing: the profession of designing buildings and habitable environments
    • Constructing: the process of consciously forming structures to be unified or coherent
    • Building: different kinds of structure types (residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, open spaces, infrastructure)
    • Theory of Architecture: the act of thinking, discussing, and writing about architecture

    Elements of Design

    • Point: indicates a position in space
    • Line: a point extended with length, direction, and position
    • Plane: a line extended with length and width, shape, surface orientation, and position
    • Volume: a plane extended with length, width, and depth; form, space, and surface orientation
    • Properties of form: Shape, size, color, texture

    Relational Properties of Design

    • Position: the form's location in relation to the environment and the visual field
    • Orientation: the form's direction relative to the ground plane, other forms, or the observer
    • Visual Inertia: the concentration and stability of form

    Possibilities of Grouping of Form

    • Spatial Tension: close proximity creating a visual relationship between adjacent forms
    • Edge-to-edge Contact: forms sharing a common edge
    • Face-to-face Contact: forms with corresponding parallel planar surfaces within their relationship
    • Interlocking Volumes: forms that penetrate each other's space

    Organization of Form

    • Centralized Form: many secondary forms clustered around a central dominant form, clustered around a dominant, central parent-form
    • Linear Form: sequential arrangement of forms in a row
    • Radial Form: forms extending outwards from a central point
    • Clustered Form: forms grouped together by proximity or visual trait
    • Grid Form: modular forms related and governed by a three-dimensional grid

    Principles of Design

    • Balance (Symmetrical): the left half of a design is identical to the right; complete symmetry, identical to the right half
    • Balance (Radial): symmetrical from a center point
    • Balance (Asymmetrical): different form, but equal weight
    • Rhythm: repetition of design elements (lines, shapes and forms)
    • Emphasis: a specific motif or design element stands out
    • Proportion: the relationship in size between spaces and masses relative to the human body
    • Scale: how we perceive the size of a component in relation to other components
    • Contrast: creates visual variation, excitement, and interest
    • Unity: creating a harmonious impression by using elements in a logical manner; repetition and accent

    Light, Color, and Texture

    • Light: defined as the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that humans can perceive
    • Brightness: the amount of light given off by a light source
    • Saturation: intensity of a color
    • Hue: the name of a color
    • Color: additive (builds colors by adding light), subtractive (builds colors by subtracting light)
    • Texture: expresses quality of materials and their effect on light

    The Vitruvian Triad

    • Firmitas: strength, solidity, and durability of a building
    • Utilitas: building's functionality and response to inhabitants' needs
    • Venustas: aesthetics and beauty

    Spatial Theories

    • Anthropometrics: comparative study of the measurements and capabilities of the human body
    • Static Anthropometry: measuring body sizes at rest and when using objects
    • Functional Anthropometry: measurement of capabilities used to complete tasks

    Classical Orders

    • Every building follows an order that mimics proportions of the human body.

    Modular

    • The modulor system is a proportioning system related to human measurements.

    Ken

    • (Traditional Japanese unit of measure)

    Theories of Proportion (specifically Golden Ratio)

    • A proportioning system in which small parts relate to the whole. Golden ratio = 1.618

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