Introduction to Theories of Crime

<p>Narrowing down theories with empirical validity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generalization from narrow populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moral panics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify individual and social causes of crime (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They often justify existing control methods like imprisonment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Labelling theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They should be read in connection with historical contexts. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From deterrence to rehabilitation and incapacitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of historical understanding in critiques (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Classical School (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilizing scientific methods and rationality to analyze crime (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The state acts as the main body for maintaining social control. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual labeling as criminals and social interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microsynchronic theories (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is ineffective when aimed solely at punishment. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They analyze broader social changes in criminality over time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual pathology or social deprivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They ignore crimes of the powerful and focus on street crime. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It presents an overly abstract discussion lacking direct impact. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An explanation framework, empirical testing, and policy recommendations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Utilization of data to inform state intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is concerned with the nature of existence and what can be known about society. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A re-evaluation of modernist theories and their implications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They analyze crime rates across entire societies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relying on expert-driven solutions to address social issues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sensory perception and experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The neglect of root causes like economic inequality (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of a mechanism for empirical testing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The societal focus on street crime over white-collar crime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ignoring the biases of criminologists and their perspectives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They believe that knowledge comes from rational reflection and reasoning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the theory to observed social facts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides a framework for understanding society as a whole. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It neglects the role of social and structural factors in crime. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More criminology research is produced yet its influence on policy decreases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Academia, government, culture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many theories lack thorough testing and may remain unchallenged. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They persist despite evidence showing their ineffectiveness. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To engage in public discourse and educate society. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has increasingly become more fragmented over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural influences and media representation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fundamental ideas that underpin causal crime theories.

Crime is learned through interactions, not inherent.

Individuals weigh pros and cons before committing a crime.

Absence of scientific testing to support theories.

Criminologists should systematically evaluate theories for validity.

A criminological approach focusing on causes and cures for street crime, often seen as limiting.

Scientific approaches in criminology that neglect social and structural factors.

Despite increased study in criminology, its impact on public policy has diminished.

Three key areas of criminology: Academia, Government, and Culture.

Criminologists should engage in public discourse and educate society about findings.

Multiple theories in criminology that are often untested or unverified.

Strategies that are popular among the public but lack effectiveness, like 'tough on crime.'

A summary of major schools of thought in criminology from Enlightenment to 1960s.

A set of interconnected statements explaining relationships between events.

Includes an explanatory framework, empirical testing, and policy recommendations.

The study of being or existence; what can we know about reality.

The study of knowledge and how we know what we know.

Believers that knowledge comes from rational reflection and common sense.

Knowledge is based on sensory experiences and observation.

Elements that can change and affect outcomes in a study.

Ideas or terms that are analyzed in theories, can be abstract or concrete.

The belief that crime is a real issue needing practical solutions.

Use of rational thought and scientific methods to understand crime.

View of the state as the main authority for social control.

Belief in scientific methods to improve social conditions and reduce crime.

Critique of punishment as unproductive if only aimed at retribution.

Examine individual-level factors that explain crime at a specific moment.

Explore structural societal factors impacting crime rates across communities.

Theories that investigate how individuals are labeled as criminals, focusing on personal interactions and the labeling process.

Theories that study how criminality and criminal justice evolve over time and societal values affecting these changes.

Critiques focus on how modernist theories emphasize individual motivations while ignoring structural issues like poverty.

Systematic issues, such as economic inequality, that are often treated with individual solutions in criminology.

A branch of criminology that addresses the shortcomings of modernist theories but faces its own challenges.

New theories reconsidering modernist and critical criminology approaches, introducing debates between modern and post-modern thought.

The social process through which individuals are tagged or labeled as criminals, often affecting their identity.

Non-violent crime committed for financial gain within a business or professional context, often ignored by modernist theories.

A sociologist known for his concept of 'moral panics'.

Public fears or concerns over an issue perceived as threatening societal norms.

Focuses on rational choice and deterrence through punishment.

Seeks to identify social or individual causes of crime scientifically.

Argues positivist findings justified existing control methods like imprisonment.

Earlier ideas resurface and reformulate in new contexts.

Suggests that labels assigned to individuals influence their behavior and identity.

Critiques capitalism and its role in crime and social control.