Introduction to the Study of Administration

Introduction to the Study of Administration

• The fundamental aspects of administration as a science are explored
• The function of organizations is explained
• The book presents different approaches to the study of administration
• A large importance is placed on the contribution to organizational development
• It represents an effort to develop the science of administration

First Section

• Exploration is done of the administration study as part of industrial development
• Development occurred because of increased processes from a rapid increase in production
• Schools of thought emerged to explain working conditions
• Different authors explain the administrative thought evolution from their perspectives
• Contributions from classic and neoclassical authors, and administration theories are included
• These contributed to the administrative process and the importance of human resource administration

Second Section

• Discusses that success of any organization/company relies on planning, defined as:
• Future scenario forecasting
• Determining desired results through environment analysis to minimize risks
• Optimizing resources and defining strategies to achieve organizational goals
• Planning is a necessity to ensure performance levels
• It involves a formal procedure to generate results, articulated as decisions in an integrated system, associated with a rational process

Third Section

• An analysis is done of the emergence of civil society organizations (CSOs)
• CSOs in Mexico in the 1960s and 70s were mainly focused on charity, paternalism, and being apolitical
• In the 1980s, new CSOs emerged due to the economic crisis and democratization
• The number of registered CSOs increased from 2,364 in 1994, to 6,887 in 2000, and 10,620 in 2008
• These organizations have undergone transformations due to changing context, and governments must face new challenges related to credibility of policies
• Collaboration between the State and civil society improves national governance through better representation and democratic action
• CSOs help resolve problems and raise awareness

Fourth Section

• Focuses on new administrative tools resulting from global organizational development
• Organizations adopt new administrative modernization processes
• New Administrative Tools represent essential strategies for modern management
• They help with making timely decisions amid conflicting situations in internal and external company processes
• Research presents two chapters: "New Administrative Tools: Personal Impact" and "New Administrative Tools: Organizational Impact"
• Offers a clear presentation of the New Theory of Administration that seeks to address new paradigms
• Includes Coaching, Mentoring, Empowerment, Emotional Intelligence, Outsourcing, Kaizen, Benchmarking, and Balanced Scorecard

Organization

• Modern administration study, authors suggest organization is the structure of relationships needed
• Needs to be technical structuring of relations between functions, levels, and activities of social organizations.
• This achieves goal efficiency by Reyes Ponce in 2008
• Reyes Ponce's study includes these forms:
• Formal organization: planned structure to establish relation patterns between components for objective achievement
• Informal organization: aspects that have not been formally planned occur within the environment, spontaneously occurring between participants
• Classic organization process has five stages according to the author:
• Task grouping by area
• Hierarchy establishment
• Job function definition
• Job entry requirements with labor competencies
• Restructuring
• Three foundemental systems are created: the linear, the functional, and the 'staff' organizations
• Linear/military is simple, pyrimidal, each leader receives and transmits what happens in area
• Functional divides and specializes the effort, where each member has a limited number of functions
• Lineal/Staff lacks authority, made for big companies and advancement of tech

Chiavenato on Organizations

• Organizations are diverse in size, characteristics, and objectives
• All organizations comprise people
• Organization = system of consciously coordinated activities of two/more people in Chiavenato in 2011
• They can communicate, are willing to contribute to joint action, and want a common goal
• Organizations have passed through three stages in the 20th century:
• Classical industrialization
• Neoclassical industrialization
• Information age

Stages of Organizations in the 20th Century

• Classic industrialization prevailed from roughly 1900-1950
• Characterized by a functional, bureaucratic, pyramid-like, centralized, inflexible structure with focus on areas
• Neoclassical industrialization occurred roughly 1950-1990
• Characterized by a matrix/mixed structure more focused on product and the services that created strategic business units - there was transition
• The Information age occurred roughly 1990-now
• Total flexibilty, total decentrality, focuses on cross functional roles in the network team

Cultural aspects of the Organizational Periods

• Classic focused on past, traditions, and valuing experience - theory x
• Neoclassical focused on adaptation, in present-day situations and what happens in the moment, in transit from one idea to another theory
• In the Information age, they value knowledge and creating an environment that supports innovation with theory Y

Environment around the organization

• Classic was Static with few environmental challengers
• Intesification happens in the new classical, with changes increasingly faster
• Chaotic and hard to predict in information age

Dealing with people

• in classic times, people seen as a way to get work done that need control
• people seen as organizational resrouce in new classical times, managed
• In Information age, people possess intrinsic qualities that get the job done
• In Classic view, suppliers of workforce can increase skills by taking over knowledge
• Terms - industrial vs talent

Administration - Key Facts

• Science of planning, directing and controlling resources, to achieve goals that benefit the organization
• Discipline for human work study to raise competitiveness in different sectors, also development of specialists

Wilburg Jimenez Castro on Administration

• Science with proven principles and techniques in the collaborative effort to reach goals not achievable alone
• Four parts were defined by Fremont E Kasts: direction towards objectives, people taking part, use of techniques, dedication to organization
• Admin helps the human element that makes it possible

Administration - Features

• Purpose
• Has a human life impact
• Connected with others
• It's an actualy activity
• It is intangible

Administration Theory Classics

• Two parts: Scientific in USA for scientific admin
• Includes classic from France for large importance
• Neo classic orient, directs controls in the organization

Explore fundamental aspects of science administration and organizational functions. This includes various approaches, contributions to organizational development, and the science of administration. It also highlights the administrative thought evolution from different perspectives and the importance of human resource administration.