Introduction to the Skeletal System Quiz
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Introduction to the Skeletal System Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of bone is composed of water?

  • 25% (correct)
  • 35%
  • 30%
  • 20%

    • Which region does the axial skeleton primarily consist of?

  • Hands and feet
  • Shoulder girdle and arms
  • Skull and vertebral column (correct)
  • Limbs and pelvic bones

    • What is the primary function of the axial skeleton?

  • Protect vital organs (correct)
  • Store minerals and fats
  • Facilitate movement of limbs
  • Produce blood cells

    • Which of the following is NOT a function of bones?

    <p>Facilitate neuro-transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main type of inorganic component found in bone?

    <p>Calcium phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are included in the adult human skeleton?

    <p>206</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are short bones primarily responsible for?

    <p>Bearing weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue mainly comprises the organic components of bone?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the intervertebral discs in the vertebral column?

    <p>To absorb shock and enhance spinal flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ligament runs along the front of the vertebral bodies?

    <p>Anterior longitudinal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs are present in the thoracic cage?

    <p>12 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the coccyx articulate with other bones in the body?

    <p>With the ilium to form the sacroiliac joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the intervertebral foramina?

    <p>Contributions from both adjacent vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicles?

    <p>Manubrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ligamentum flavum in the vertebral column?

    <p>Connects the laminae of neighboring vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vertebral column is known to be thinnest?

    <p>Cervical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hyoid bone?

    <p>To serve as an attachment point for the base of the tongue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones contain air-filled sinuses?

    <p>Maxillary bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age does the anterior fontanelle typically ossify?

    <p>12 to 18 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many movable bones make up the vertebral column?

    <p>24</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the atlas (C1) from other cervical vertebrae?

    <p>It is a ring of bone with short transverse processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of the vertebral column consists of five vertebrae that increase in size downward?

    <p>Lumbar vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the air-filled sinuses in the skull?

    <p>To reduce the weight of the skull and provide resonance to the voice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the thoracic vertebrae?

    <p>They feature bodies and transverse processes with facets for rib articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bone forms the lateral malleolus?

    <p>Fibula</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is the patella classified as?

    <p>Sesamoid bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following bones is NOT a tarsal bone?

    <p>Metatarsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many phalanges are present in one foot?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones primarily form the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

    <p>Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, and metatarsals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure of the foot is described as having a bridge-like arrangement?

    <p>The arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many metatarsal bones are in one foot?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the lateral longitudinal arch compared to the medial longitudinal arch?

    <p>Less prominent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ribs?

    <p>Protect the thoracic organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of ribs are attached directly to the sternum?

    <p>Ten pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bones make up the shoulder girdle?

    <p>2 Scapulae bones and 2 Clavicle bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the last two pairs of ribs?

    <p>They are known as floating ribs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the clavicle connect?

    <p>The upper limb to the axial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the shoulder girdle play in the human body?

    <p>It provides support, stability, and mobility to the arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>126 bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these bones is part of the upper limb?

    <p>Humerus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to the Skeletal System

    • Composed of more than 200 bones, cartilage and ligaments
    • Provides support to the body and enables movement
    • The adult skeleton consists of 206 bones

    Structure of Bone

    • Two-thirds of bone is made up of calcium salts, which make it strong and rigid
    • 25% water and 25% organic components, including osteoid and bone cells
    • Inorganic components, predominantly calcium phosphate make up 50% of the bone

    Classification of Bones

    • By Shape:
      • Long bones: Longer than they are wide, e.g., femur, humerus
      • Short bones: Roughly cube shaped, e.g., carpals, tarsals
      • Flat bones: Thin and curved, e.g., skull bones, ribs
      • Irregular bones: Complex shapes, e.g., vertebrae, facial bones
    • By Region:
      • Axial Skeleton: Central core of the body - skull, vertebral column, rib cage
      • Appendicular Skeleton: Limbs and their supporting structures - shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

    Functions of Bones

    • Protection of internal organs
    • Storage and release of fats and minerals
    • Production of blood cells
    • Facilitation of movement
    • Providing structural support

    Axial Skeleton

    • Consists of 80 bones
    • Includes skull, vertebral column, rib cage
    • Primarily protects vital organs like the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs

    Skull

    • Two main parts: cranium and facial bones
    • Cranium: Protects the brain
    • Hyoid bone: Does not articulate with any other bone, supports the tongue
    • Sinuses: Air-filled cavities that lighten the skull and contribute to voice resonance

    Fontanelles of the Skull

    • Membranous areas where cranial sutures are not fully ossified at birth
    • Allow the baby's head to mold during childbirth
    • Typically ossify by 12-18 months of age

    Vertebral Column

    • Composed of 24 movable vertebrae, sacrum, and coccyx
    • Divided into three sections:
      • Cervical Vertebrae: Seven vertebrae in the neck, including the atlas and axis
      • Thoracic Vertebrae: Twelve vertebrae in the chest, connect to ribs
      • Lumbar Vertebrae: Five vertebrae in the lower back, support weight and movement
    • Sacrum: Triangular bone formed by the fusion of five vertebrae, connects to the pelvis
    • Coccyx: Tailbone, formed by the fusion of four vertebrae

    Features of the Vertebral Column

    • Intervertebral Discs: Separate vertebrae, provide shock absorption and flexibility
    • Intervertebral Foramina: Openings between vertebrae that allow passage for spinal nerves, blood vessels, and lymph vessels
    • Ligaments: Support vertebrae and maintain intervertebral disc positioning

    Thoracic Cage

    • Consists of 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, and the sternum
    • Protects the heart and lungs
    • Sternum: Breastbone, provides attachment for ribs and clavicles
    • Ribs: Primarily support respiration

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • Consists of 126 bones
    • Includes shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs
    • Develops from cartilage through endochondral ossification

    Shoulder Girdle and Upper Limb

    • Shoulder Girdle: Composed of two scapulae and two clavicles, connects the upper limbs to the torso
    • Upper Limb: Includes the humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges

    Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

    • Pelvic Girdle: Composed of two hip bones, connects the lower limbs to the torso
    • Lower Limb: Includes the femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges

    Arches of the Foot

    • Medial Longitudinal Arch: Highest and most prominent, provides support and flexibility
    • Lateral Longitudinal Arch: Less prominent arch, provides support and flexibility
    • Transverse Arches: Provide stability and distribute weight

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    Skeletal System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the skeletal system, including its structure and classification of bones. Learn about the different types of bones and their functions in the body. Challenge yourself to understand the key components that form the human skeleton.

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