Introduction to the Immune System

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the function of the immune system?

To break down food for energy
To defend the body against foreign invaders and internal threats (correct)
To transport oxygen throughout the body
To regulate blood sugar levels

What is the term for the body's ability to resist disease?

Hypersensitivity
Immunity (correct)
Inflammation
Autoimmunity

What is the focus of immunopathology?

The study of the genetics of immune responses
The study of diseases resulting from immune dysfunction (correct)
The study of the development of vaccines
The study of the structure of immune cells

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the immune system?

Regulating body temperature (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity is present at birth?

Natural immunity (C) Signup and view all the answers

How is acquired immunity developed?

Through exposure to antigens or antibodies (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a physical barrier in natural immunity?

Skin (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are responsible for destroying infected or cancerous cells in natural immunity?

Natural killer (NK) cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does active acquired immunity develop?

From direct exposure to an antigen or through vaccination (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of passive acquired immunity?

It provides immediate, short-term protection through borrowed antibodies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What role do antigens play in the immune system?

They trigger an immune response (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do antibodies neutralize antigens?

By inactivating antigens directly or marking them for destruction (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes?

Filtering lymph fluid and containing lymphocytes (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the thymus gland?

Maturation of T lymphocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are classified as lymphocytes?

T cells, B cells, NK cells (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T helper cells (CD4+) in the immune response?

Coordinating the immune response by activating other immune cells (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells directly kill infected or cancerous cells?

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory T cells?

To provide long-term immunity by 'remembering' past infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cells produce antibodies?

Plasma cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of interleukins?

Regulating communication between immune cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of the inflammatory response?

Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and phagocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can suppress immune function?

Chronic stress (D) Signup and view all the answers

What are primary immunodeficiency disorders?

Disorders that are congenital or inherited (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary immunodeficiency disorder?

HIV/AIDS (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in allergies?

Type I (C) Signup and view all the answers

In autoimmune disorders, what does the immune system attack?

The body's own tissues (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does a white blood cell count with differential identify?

Abnormalities in white blood cell populations (C) Signup and view all the answers

What do immunoglobulin levels measure?

The concentration of antibodies in the blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of allergy testing?

To identify specific allergens (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of immunotherapy?

To stimulate or suppress the immune system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for patients with immune dysfunction?

Monitoring for signs and symptoms of infection or hypersensitivity reactions (D) Signup and view all the answers

Why are infants and young children more susceptible to infections?

Due to immature immune systems (D) Signup and view all the answers

An allograft is a transplant between:

Genetically different individuals of the same species (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes immune surveillance?

The immune system's ability to detect and destroy cancer cells (A) Signup and view all the answers

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis is experiencing a Type III hypersensitivity reaction. What is the primary mechanism behind this reaction?

Antibody-antigen complex deposition in tissues (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of a genetic defect causing a complete lack of complement C3 protein?

Severe, recurrent bacterial infections (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the classical and alternative pathways of the complement system activation?

The classical pathway requires antibody-antigen complexes for initiation, while the alternative pathway does not. (C) Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is investigating a novel therapy to enhance immune responses against tumors. Which strategy would likely be MOST effective in promoting long-term anti-tumor immunity?

Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction on T cells to prevent T cell exhaustion. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Immune System

Defense against foreign invaders and internal threats.

Immunity

The body's ability to resist disease.