Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which segment of the spinal cord is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
Which segment of the spinal cord is primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system?
What is one of the functions of the cervical division of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the eye?
What is one of the functions of the cervical division of the sympathetic nervous system in relation to the eye?
Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
Which of the following is not a function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the cardiovascular system?
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the cardiovascular system?
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Which branch of the sympathetic nervous system affects the salivary glands?
Which branch of the sympathetic nervous system affects the salivary glands?
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What physiological change does the sympathetic nervous system induce in the skin?
What physiological change does the sympathetic nervous system induce in the skin?
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During a fight or flight response, which of the following actions does the sympathetic nervous system promote in the lungs?
During a fight or flight response, which of the following actions does the sympathetic nervous system promote in the lungs?
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Which muscles in the eye are affected by the sympathetic nervous system for far vision?
Which muscles in the eye are affected by the sympathetic nervous system for far vision?
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What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
What is the primary role of the autonomic nervous system?
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Which division of the peripheral nervous system directly controls skeletal muscles?
Which division of the peripheral nervous system directly controls skeletal muscles?
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What distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?
What distinguishes the autonomic nervous system from the somatic nervous system?
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Which components are included in a typical neuron?
Which components are included in a typical neuron?
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What is the master controlling and communicating system of the body?
What is the master controlling and communicating system of the body?
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What is another term often used to describe the autonomic nervous system?
What is another term often used to describe the autonomic nervous system?
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Which statement accurately describes divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
Which statement accurately describes divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
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What is the anatomical origin of the autonomic nervous system divided into?
What is the anatomical origin of the autonomic nervous system divided into?
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What effect does the III-Splanchnic division have on gastric and intestinal motility?
What effect does the III-Splanchnic division have on gastric and intestinal motility?
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Which function is NOT attributed to the cranial outflow of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Which function is NOT attributed to the cranial outflow of the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
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What is the role of the occulomotor nerve in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
What is the role of the occulomotor nerve in the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
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How does the Sympathetic supply affect the urinary bladder?
How does the Sympathetic supply affect the urinary bladder?
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Which function is associated with the facial nerve within the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
Which function is associated with the facial nerve within the Parasympathetic Nervous System?
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What is stimulated by the III-Splanchnic division concerning the gall bladder?
What is stimulated by the III-Splanchnic division concerning the gall bladder?
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Which of the following statements about the sacral division of the Parasympathetic Nervous System is accurate?
Which of the following statements about the sacral division of the Parasympathetic Nervous System is accurate?
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What is the effect of the III-Splanchnic division on visceral blood vessels?
What is the effect of the III-Splanchnic division on visceral blood vessels?
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Study Notes
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
- The autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates visceral functions of the body, also called the involuntary nervous system
- It controls various bodily processes
- The ANS is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Nervous System Organization
- The nervous system is comprised of the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS)
- The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord
- The PNS connects the CNS to the rest of the body and is divided into somatic and autonomic
- The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements
- The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions (visceral functions)
Somatic vs. Autonomic Nervous Systems
- The somatic nervous system has a single neuron connecting the CNS to the effector organ (skeletal muscle)
- It only leads to muscle excitation
- The autonomic nervous system has two neurons connecting the CNS to the effector organ (cardiac muscles, smooth muscles, and glands)
- It can be excitatory or inhibitory
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Divisions
- The ANS is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- These systems have opposing effects to maintain homeostasis
Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System
- Originates from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord (thoracolumbar)
- Pre and post ganglionic neurons
- The preganglionic neuron is short, while the postganglionic neuron is long
- Sympathetic ganglia are located near the spinal cord
Anatomy of the Parasympathetic Nervous System
- Originates from the cranial nerves (III, VII, IX, X) and sacral regions of the spinal cord (craniosacral)
- Preganglionic neurons are long, postganglionic neurons are short
- Ganglia are located near or within the organs they innervate
Sympathetic Nervous System Functions
- I - Cervical Division (Eye): Pupil dilation, eyelid widening, muscle contraction, and blood vessels constriction
- II - Cardio-Pulmonary Division (Heart): Increased heart rate, increased cardiac efficiency, increased conductivity, widening of coronary vessels
- III - Splanchnic Division (Stomach & Intestine): Relaxation of stomach and intestinal walls, reduced intestinal motility, secretion inhibition, and decreased excretion
- IV - Pelvic Division (Bladder & Rectum): Inhibits bladder wall and contracts urethral sphincter for urine retention, inhibits rectum wall and contracts anal sphincter for feces retention
Parasympathetic Nervous System Functions
- Cranial Outflow (Eye): Pupil constriction, lens convexity increase
- Cranial Outflow (Salivary Glands): Increased secretion of saliva, increasing blood vessels
- Cranial Outflow (Parotid Glands): Increased secretion of saliva and vasodilation of the vessel
- Cranial Outflow (Tongue Glands): Increased secretion in the glands of the posterior tongue
- Cranial Outflow (Heart): Decreased heart rate and contractility
- Vagus Nerve (Lungs): Decreased heart rate, reduced contractility of cardiac muscles, bronchoconstriction, and vasodilatation
- Vagus Nerve (GIT): Contraction of intestinal wall and peristalsis, increasing gastric motility, relaxation of gall bladder, stimulating excretion of digestive enzymes to stomach, pancreas, liver
- Cranial Outflow (Bladder & Rectum): Stimulates bladder wall for urination, inhibiting urethral sphincter contraction, and contracting rectum wall with inhibition contraction of anal sphincter for defecation
Sympathetic vs. Parasympathetic Overview
- Sympathetic: "Fight or flight" response
- Parasympathetic: "Rest and digest" response
Key Structures/Anatomical Regions
- Brain, Spinal Cord, Cranial Nerves, Thoracic/Lumbar regions, Preganglionic and Postganglionic neurons, Spinal nerves, ganglia
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and its role in regulating involuntary bodily functions. This quiz covers the organization of the nervous system, including the differences between the somatic and autonomic nervous systems. Test your understanding of how these systems maintain homeostasis.
