Introduction to Surface Science CM4020 Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the area of a right-angled triangle with base (a) = 1.32 cm and height (b) = 1.65 cm?

  • 1.089 cm^2 (correct)
  • 1.189 cm^2
  • 0.545 cm^2
  • 2.178 cm^2

    • What is the area of an equilateral triangle with sides of length 1.25 cm?

  • 0.977 cm^2
  • 0.664 cm^2 (correct)
  • 0.271 cm^2
  • 1.328 cm^2

    • What is the property of the material defines the surface?

  • The material’s history and how it was made.
  • The chemical composition of the material
  • The size of the material
  • The shape of the material
  • The scale at which the material is viewed (correct)

    • Which of the following are examples of physical surface features?

    <p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are examples of chemical properties that define a surface?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate size of a human hair in nanometers?

    <p>50,000-100,000 nanometers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hydrogen atoms lined up side by side make up a length of 1 nanometer?

    <p>Ten (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate rate of growth of a human fingernail in nanometers per second?

    <p>1 nanometer per second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the simplest repeating unit of a crystalline solid called?

    <p>Unit cell (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a single crystal and a polycrystalline solid?

    <p>Single crystals have a uniform, repeating atomic structure, while polycrystalline solids are composed of many individual grains, each with its own crystal structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are Miller Indices used for?

    <p>To define the orientation of a crystal plane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intercept on the x-axis if a crystal plane is parallel to the y-axis?

    <p>∞ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Miller Indices of a plane that intercepts the x-axis at a, the y-axis at 2a, and the z-axis at 3a?

    <p>(1, 1/2, 1/3) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common crystal structure?

    <p>Triclinic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between cubic close-packed and hexagonal close-packed structures?

    <p>Cubic close-packed has a different stacking sequence of atoms. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the Miller indices of a surface with intercepts of a, 2a, ?

    <p>(120) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coordination number of an atom in a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure?

    <p>12 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fractional intercept for a surface with an intercept of 3a, in a cubic unit cell with a side length of a?

    <p>3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A surface with Miller indices of (100) intersects which axes of a cubic unit cell?

    <p>x axis only (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the volume of a cubic unit cell with a side length of 4 ?

    <p>64 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A simple cubic structure has how many atoms per unit cell?

    <p>1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a crystal has a density of 4.5 g/cm and a molar mass of 100 g/mol, what is the volume of the unit cell (assuming one atom per unit cell)?

    <p>2.22 x 10 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the packing efficiency of a simple cubic structure?

    <p>52% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the atomic radius of a simple cubic structure is 1.5 , what is the side length of the unit cell?

    <p>3.0 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Surface

    The outer or upper boundary of a material, characterized by its physical and chemical properties.

    Miller Indices

    A notation system in crystallography for planes in crystal structures.

    Adsorption Isotherms

    Equations describing how substances adhere to a surface at constant temperature.

    Ultra-High Vacuum Systems

    Equipment used to create extremely low-pressure environments for surface studies.

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    Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD)

    A technique to study the desorption of molecules from a surface as temperature increases.

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    X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

    A surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique for analyzing surface chemistry.

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    Right-Angled Triangle Area

    Area calculated using the formula: 1/2 * base * height.

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    Scaling in Surfaces

    The concept that the features of a surface appear different depending on the observation scale.

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    Amorphous materials

    Materials with no ordered atomic structure.

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    Single crystals

    Solids where the atomic structure repeats uniformly throughout.

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    Polycrystalline solids

    Materials made of many individual crystal grains.

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    Unit cell

    The simplest repeating unit in a crystalline solid's structure.

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    Face-centered cubic (FCC)

    A crystal structure with atoms at each cube face and corners.

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    Body-centered cubic (BCC)

    A crystal structure with an atom at the center and corners.

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    Intercepts in Miller Indices

    Points where the crystal plane intersects the axes.

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    Intercepts

    The points where a plane intersects the axes in a crystal structure.

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    Fractional Coordinates

    Coordinates obtained by dividing intercepts by the unit cell dimensions.

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    Simple Cubic Structure

    A crystal structure where atoms are located at each corner of a cube.

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    Atoms per Unit Cell

    Number of atoms contained in one unit cell of a crystal.

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    Packing Efficiency

    A measure of how densely atoms are packed within a crystal structure.

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    Unit Cell Volume

    The total space occupied by a single unit cell in a crystal structure.

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    Density Calculation

    Determining the density based on mass of atoms and volume of unit cell.

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    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course code: CM4020/CM6014
    • Course title: Introduction to Surface Science and Surface Analysis
    • Lecturer: Dr Brenda Long
    • Email: [email protected]

    Part 1: Surfaces, Adsorption & Catalysis

    • Surfaces:
      • Single crystals have cubic unit cells.
      • Miller indices describe surface structure and methodology.
      • Unit cells have specific volumes.
      • Surface atom density is a key property.
    • Adsorption Process:
      • Kinetics of adsorption are important.
      • Adsorption isotherms describe equilibrium.
      • Thermodynamics govern adsorption processes.
    • Surface Reactions and Catalysis:
      • Adsorption of single reactants is the first step.
      • Reaction mechanisms are crucial in catalysis.

    Part 2: Analytical Methods

    • Ultra-high vacuum systems: Essential for surface analysis.
    • Temperature Programmed Desorption: Used to study reaction order.
    • Electron Spectroscopy:
      • X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
      • Auger Photoelectron Spectroscopy (APS)
      • Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)

    Trigonometry Revision

    • Right-angled triangles:
      • Area = 1/2 * base * height
    • Equilateral triangles:
      • Area = √3/4 * side²
    • Numerical examples using given dimensions for right-angled and isosceles triangles to determine area are presented

    What is a Surface?

    • This section discusses the physical and chemical properties of surfaces.
    • The physical features include edges, defects, holes and layers.
    • Atoms, chemical groups and dangling bonds are examples of chemical properties.

    Solid Materials

    • Amorphous materials: Lack ordered atomic arrangements.
    • Single crystals: Exhibit repeating atomic structures.
    • Polycrystalline solids: Made of many individual grains with different orientations.

    Single Crystal Surfaces

    • Crystal structure is defined by the unit cell, the simplest repeating unit.
    • Unit cells contain lattice points defining atomic/ionic positions.
    • The entire structure forms from repeating unit cells.

    7 Basic Crystal Structures

    • Basic shapes (e.g., cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, rhombohedral, monoclinic and triclinic) in crystal structures are categorized by edge lengths and angle measurement.

    Lattice Point Locations and Cubic Unit Cells (Simple, Body-centered, Face-centered)

    •  Different arrangements of atoms in cubic unit cells (Simple Cubic, Body-centered cubic, Face-centered cubic) are visualized

    Calculating Unit Cell Volumes

    • Unit cell volume is calculated based on density, molar mass, and cubic structure.
    • Determining sides/radii of atoms in the unit cell are possible after calculating volumes.

    Simple Cubic

    •  Atoms at corners of a cubic structure.
    •  Distance between atoms corresponds to twice the atomic radius.
    •  Numerical examples (calculations using known density, mass and cubic unit cell characteristics) are provided

    Body-Centered Cubic

    •  Atoms at corners and center of cubic unit cell
    •  Numerical examples are included.
    •  Packing efficiency calculation is explained

    Face-Centered Cubic

    •  Atoms at corners and center of faces of cubic unit cell.
    •  Numerical examples are presented

    Density of Surface Atoms

    •  Calculations of density of atoms on crystal faces are described

    Calculation (Copper example)

    •  Calculations of number of atoms on the 100 surface of copper are displayed using dimensions and structural properties of copper.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on surfaces, adsorption, and catalysis in this quiz designed for the Introduction to Surface Science course. Explore key concepts such as Miller indices, adsorption kinetics, and reaction mechanisms essential for understanding surface phenomena. Ideal for students delving into analytical methods in surface analysis.

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