Introduction to Statistics: Understanding the Basics
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Questions and Answers

What is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions?

  • Physics
  • Biology
  • Chemistry
  • Statistics (correct)

    • According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, what are 'factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, calculation' called?

  • Data (correct)
  • Imaginations
  • Fictions
  • Opinions

    • What is the set of all entities under study called?

  • Individual
  • Sample
  • Population
  • Universe (correct)

    • What is the set of all possible values of the variable called?

    <p>Population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subset of the universe or the population called?

    <p>Sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In conducting research, what do we typically look at that is often difficult and expensive to gain access to the entire population?

    <p>Sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of descriptive statistics?

    <p>To organize and summarize the information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinction between qualitative and quantitative variables?

    <p>Quantitative variables represent an amount or quantity, while qualitative variables yield categorical responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does inferential statistics do?

    <p>Generalize information from the sample to the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is inferential statistics not necessary?

    <p>When the entire population is studied</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a continuous variable?

    <p>A quantitative variable that represents an amount or quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nominal level of measurement used for?

    <p>Identifying, naming, classifying, or categorizing objects or events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do qualitative variables represent?

    <p>A quantitative variable that yields categorical responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a discrete variable entail?

    <p>A quantitative variable with a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of variables?

    <p>The characteristics that differentiate every individual within the population/sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the step in the process referred to as Inferential statistics?

    <p>Generalizing information from the sample to the population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Philippine Mental Health Associations contacts 1,028 teenagers who are 13 to 17 years of age and live in Antipolo City and asked whether or not they had been prescribed medications for any mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety. ANSWER: Population: Teenagers 13 to 17 years of age who live in Antipolo City Sample: 1,028 teenagers 13 to 17 years of age who live in ______

    <p>Antipolo City</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A farmer wanted to learn about the weight of his soybean crop. He randomly sampled 100 plants and weighted the soybeans on each plant. ANSWER: Population: Entire soybean crop Sample: 100 ______ selected

    <p>plants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Descriptive statistics describe the information collected through numerical measurements, charts, graphs, and ______. The main purpose of descriptive statistics is to provide an overview of the information collected.

    <p>tables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In this step the information collected from the sample is generalized to the population. This process is referred to as ______ statistics.

    <p>Inferential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variables are the characteristics that differentiate every individual within the population/sample. Variables can be classified into two groups: 1.Qualitative variables is variable that yields categorical responses. It is a word or a code that represents a class or ______.

    <p>category</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quantitative variables may be further classified into: Discrete variable is a quantitative variable that either a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values. The terms countable means that the values result from counting, such as 0, 1, 2, 3, and ______.

    <p>so on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A continuous variable is a quantitative variable that has an infinite number of possible values that are not ______.

    <p>countable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nominal Level - Identify, name, classify, or categorize objects or events. Example: Method of payment (cash, check, debit card, credit card), Type ______.

    <p>of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Variables are the characteristics that differentiate every individual within the population/sample. Variables can be classified into two groups: 1.Qualitative variables is variable that yields categorical responses. It is a word or a code that represents a ______ or category.

    <p>class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In this step the information collected from the sample is generalized to the population. This process is referred to as ______ statistics.

    <p>Inferential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions. What information is referred to in the definition?

    <p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A researcher must determine the question(s) he or she wants answered. The question(s) must be detailed so that it identifies a group that is to be studied and the questions that are to be answered. The group to be studied is called the ______.

    <p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gaining access to an entire population is often difficult and expensive. In conducting research, we typically look at a subset of the population called a ______.

    <p>sample</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Universe is the set of all entities under study. Population is the set of all possible values of the variable. An individual is a person or object that is a member of the ______ being studied.

    <p>population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sample is the subset of the universe or the population. A research objective is presented. Identify the research ______.

    <p>objective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, data are 'factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, ______'.

    <p>calculation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Statistics

    • The science of collecting, organizing, summarizing, and analyzing information to draw conclusions or answer questions
    • Involves using data to understand and make decisions about the world around us

    Data

    • Factual information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, calculation

    Population

    • Set of all entities under study
    • Gaining access to an entire population is often difficult and expensive

    Sample

    • A subset of the population
    • Often used in research to study a smaller group and make inferences about the larger population

    Universe

    • The set of all possible values of the variable

    Research Objective

    • Identifies the question(s) to be answered in a research study
    • Provides direction for the study

    Descriptive Statistics

    • Describes the information collected through numerical measurements, charts, graphs, and tables
    • Provides an overview of the data

    Inferential Statistics

    • Generalizes information collected from a sample to a population
    • Used to draw conclusions about the population based on the sample data

    Variables

    • Characteristics that differ between individuals within a population or sample
    • Can be classified into two groups: qualitative and quantitative

    Qualitative Variables

    • Yield categorical responses
    • Represented by a word or code that signifies a class or category
    • Examples: method of payment, type of vehicle

    Quantitative Variable

    • Represents numerical measurements
    • Can further be classified into discrete and continuous variables

    Discrete Variable

    • A quantitative variable with a finite number of possible values or a countable number of possible values
    • Example: number of siblings (0, 1, 2, 3...)

    Continuous Variable

    • A quantitative variable with an infinite number of possible values that are not countable
    • Examples: height, weight, temperature

    Nominal Level

    • Identifies, names, classifies, or categorizes objects or events
    • Example: method of payment, type of vehicle

    Sample and Population

    • The Philippine Mental Health Associations contacts 1,028 teenagers who are 13 to 17 years of age and live in Antipolo City and asked whether or not they had been prescribed medications for any mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety.

    • Population: Teenagers 13 to 17 years of age who live in Antipolo City

    • Sample: 1,028 teenagers 13 to 17 years of age who live in Antipolo City

    • A farmer wanted to learn about the weight of his soybean crop. He randomly sampled 100 plants and weighted the soybeans on each plant.

    • Population: Entire soybean crop

    • Sample: 100 soybean plants selected

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of statistics, including the collection, organization, summarization, and analysis of data to draw conclusions and answer questions. Learn about the research objective and the process of statistical analysis.

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