Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Statistics' generally deal with?
What does the term 'Statistics' generally deal with?
Collection of data, tabulation, and interpretation of numerical data.
What is statistics used to aid?
What is statistics used to aid?
Organizing and communicating findings or data clearly and meaningfully.
What is the basic building block of statistics?
What is the basic building block of statistics?
Data
Statistical methods are only helpful in the field of medicine.
Statistical methods are only helpful in the field of medicine.
How does statistics equip us with organized data?
How does statistics equip us with organized data?
What is the main purpose of statistics?
What is the main purpose of statistics?
Statistics can help us understand the bulk of data in a simple way.
Statistics can help us understand the bulk of data in a simple way.
What does a population (N) consist of?
What does a population (N) consist of?
Define a Parameter.
Define a Parameter.
What is a sample (n)?
What is a sample (n)?
What is a statistic?
What is a statistic?
A sample (n) is considered a smaller group selected from a larger population.
A sample (n) is considered a smaller group selected from a larger population.
What is a subject in statistics?
What is a subject in statistics?
In medicine and public health, only human subjects are considered.
In medicine and public health, only human subjects are considered.
If a study includes every member of the population, what is this considered?
If a study includes every member of the population, what is this considered?
A sample is a subset of a census.
A sample is a subset of a census.
It is always easy to conduct a census.
It is always easy to conduct a census.
What are the three main types of Statistical methods?
What are the three main types of Statistical methods?
What is 'data' considered to be?
What is 'data' considered to be?
Data is always given to a researcher to interpret.
Data is always given to a researcher to interpret.
Data can be either quantitative or qualitative.
Data can be either quantitative or qualitative.
What is information?
What is information?
How can exam marks be considered both raw data and information?
How can exam marks be considered both raw data and information?
Simple surveys are not a source of demographic data.
Simple surveys are not a source of demographic data.
What are the two broad categories that data can be classified into?
What are the two broad categories that data can be classified into?
Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics are the same.
Descriptive statistics and Inferential statistics are the same.
What is the purpose of using Descriptive statistics?
What is the purpose of using Descriptive statistics?
Inferential statistics only analyze data that has been collected.
Inferential statistics only analyze data that has been collected.
What does inferential statistics allow us to do?
What does inferential statistics allow us to do?
The results of a study will always be the same, regardless of if descriptive or inferential statistics are used.
The results of a study will always be the same, regardless of if descriptive or inferential statistics are used.
Besides measures of central tendency, what other types of measures are used in Descriptive statistics?
Besides measures of central tendency, what other types of measures are used in Descriptive statistics?
Inferential statistics do not include any type of testing.
Inferential statistics do not include any type of testing.
What are some examples of testing used in inferential statistics?
What are some examples of testing used in inferential statistics?
Regression analysis is only used in descriptive statistics
Regression analysis is only used in descriptive statistics
What is used to analyze data collected in a research study?
What is used to analyze data collected in a research study?
If there is a difference in observed data, it is always meaningful.
If there is a difference in observed data, it is always meaningful.
Flashcards
Data
Data
The numerical data itself, representing observations or evidences about a subject.
Information
Information
Data that has been processed to make it meaningful and useful. It adds context and understanding to raw data.
Population (N)
Population (N)
A collection of all the elements (people, things, etc.) whose characteristics are being studied.
Parameter
Parameter
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Sample (n)
Sample (n)
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Statistic
Statistic
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Subjects
Subjects
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Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
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Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics
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Statistics
Statistics
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Data Collection Methods
Data Collection Methods
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Analytic Statistics
Analytic Statistics
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Data Presentation Methods
Data Presentation Methods
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Statistics as a tool
Statistics as a tool
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Medical/Biostatistics
Medical/Biostatistics
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Medical/Biostatistics
Medical/Biostatistics
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Quantitative Data
Quantitative Data
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Qualitative Data
Qualitative Data
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Census
Census
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Vital Registration
Vital Registration
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Simple Survey
Simple Survey
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Sample
Sample
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Variables
Variables
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Inferential Statistics
Inferential Statistics
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Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
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Data Collection
Data Collection
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Data Analysis
Data Analysis
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Data Presentation
Data Presentation
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Study Notes
Introduction to Statistics
- Statistics involves collecting, tabulating, and interpreting numerical data.
- It's a form of mathematical analysis using quantitative models to study real-world phenomena.
- Statistics aids in organizing, summarizing, and communicating findings clearly.
Outline
- Definitions of terms (e.g., statistics, medical statistics/biostatistics, data)
- Statistical methods (data collection, analysis, presentation)
- Types of statistics (descriptive, inferential)
- Difference between descriptive and inferential studies
Definitions of Terms
- Statistics: A tool for organizing, summarizing, and communicating findings.
- Medical statistics/Biostatistics: Application of statistical principles in healthcare.
- Data: The raw observations or evidence used in study.
Importance of Statistics
- Provides a transparent picture of work conducted.
- Enables analysis of diverse fields including medicine, business, economics, and social sciences.
- Organizes data using graphs, tables, diagrams, and charts.
- Helps understand data variability in a quantitative way.
- Makes understanding data bulk easier,
- Allows for the collection of accurate quantitative data.
Population and Parameter
- Population (N): All elements (people or things) whose characteristics are studied.
- Parameter: A value calculated from the entire population (e.g., average, total).
Sample and Statistic
- Sample (n): A subset of the population selected for study.
- Statistic: A value calculated from a sample (e.g., sample mean).
Sample
- Consists of one or more observations from the population.
- Subjects are the units on which characteristics are measured.
- Subjects are often humans in medical or public health, but may be cells or animals.
Census vs. Sample
- A census involves gathering data from the whole population. A sample extracts data from a portion of the population.
Statistical Methods
- Data collection methods (e.g., surveys, experiments)
- Analytic statistics (e.g., analysis techniques to extract meaning from data)
- Data presentation methods (e.g., charts, graphs, tables).
What is Data?
- Data are observations or evidence from the social world.
- Data can be quantitative (numerical) or qualitative (categorical).
- Researchers choose what data to collect.
Data & Information
- Information is processed data to make it meaningful and useful.
- Data plus meaning equals information.
- Example: Individual test scores are data, but the average score is information and the statement that boys scored higher than girls is also information.
Source of Data
- Census
- Vital registration
- Official records
- Simple surveys
- Individual studied
Nature of Data
- Data is categorized into; quantitative and qualitative.
Types of Statistics
- Descriptive statistics: Organizes, summarizes, displays data.
- Inferential statistics: Uses sample data to draw conclusions about a population.
Descriptive Statistics
- Techniques for organizing, displaying, and describing data.
- Uses tables, graphs, and summary measures.
Inferential Statistics
- Techniques using sample data to draw conclusions, make inferences, or predict about a population.
Statistic and Research
- Statistics analyze collected data in research studies.
- Example: Diet cola preference study.
- Descriptive analysis shows difference.
- Inferential analysis determines if difference is meaningful.
Descriptive & Inferential Statistics
- Descriptive: Organize, summarize data.
- Inferential: Generalize from findings, test hypotheses, assess relationships.
Types of Statistics (Detailed)
- Descriptive: Measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode); measures of dispersion(range, standard deviation, variance),
- Inferential: Hypothesis testing (z-test, t-test, ANOVA), regression analysis.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of statistics, including definitions, statistical methods, and the difference between descriptive and inferential statistics. Understanding these concepts is crucial for organizing and interpreting numerical data effectively. Explore various applications of statistics in fields like healthcare, business, and social sciences.
