Introduction to Standard Precautions
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Questions and Answers

The term 'healthcare personnel' applies to all paid and unpaid persons who _______________. (Select all that apply)

  • Have professional training in a healthcare-related field and provide patient care in a healthcare setting
  • Have technical training in a healthcare-related field and provide patient care in a healthcare setting
  • Provide services that support the delivery of healthcare
  • All of the above (correct)

    • The term nosocomial infection refers to an infection acquired during the delivery of healthcare in _______________.

  • Ambulatory settings, e.g., oral healthcare settings
  • Long-term care facilities
  • Hospitals (correct)
  • Home care settings

    • The 'chain of infection,' i.e., the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings requires a _______________.

  • Source or reservoir of infectious agents
  • Susceptible host with a portal of entry receptive of the agent
  • Mode of transmission for the agent
  • All of the above (correct)

    • All of the following statements are correct with respect to the source or reservoir of infectious agents responsible for HCIs EXCEPT which one?

    <p>Human sources include patients and HCP, but not household members and visitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to infection in a susceptible host with a portal of entry receptive of the agent?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogens may be transferred from the source to a host by _______________.

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following statements are correct with respect to droplet nuclei (airborne transmission) EXCEPT which one?

    <p>The risk of inhalation of droplet nuclei is generally limited to within 3 feet of the source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following precautions apply to the care of all patients in all healthcare settings, regardless of the suspected or confirmed presence of an infectious agent and constitute the primary strategy for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections?

    <p>Standard Precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to respiratory hygiene/cough etiquette?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to source control measures?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HCP who have a respiratory infection should avoid direct patient contact, especially with high-risk patients; and must observe contact and droplet precautions, i.e., must wear a gown, gloves (perform appropriate hand hygiene), and a surgical mask for all patient interactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Between 2000 and 2004, four large outbreaks of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections among patients in ambulatory care facilities were attributed to either the reinsertion of used needles into multi-dose vials or solution containers; or the use of a single needle/syringe to administer intravenous medications to multiple patients.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to transmission-based precautions?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements are correct with respect to safe injection practices?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following precautions are intended to prevent the transmission of pathogens spread by direct or indirect contact with an infected patient, or a contaminated object, or an environmental surface?

    <p>Contact precautions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following controls apply to airborne precautions?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reflect/represent the primary objective(s) of administrative controls?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs)? AIIRs _______________.

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following statements are correct with respect to respiratory-protection controls EXCEPT which one?

    <p>Respiratory-protection controls reduce the number of areas in which exposure to airborne pathogens might occur, thus, minimizing the number of persons exposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following statements are correct with respect to the office Infection Prevention Coordinator (IPC) except which one? The IPC shall _______________.

    <p>Have overall responsibility for compliance with infection control guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is correct with respect to fundamental elements needed to prevent the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All of the following statements related to infection prevention education and training are correct EXCEPT which one?

    <p>Participation in an infection prevention education and training program is mandated on a one-time basis, i.e., prior to initial assignment of HCP to tasks in which exposure to blood and OPIM may occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Healthcare Personnel

    • Definition includes all paid or unpaid individuals providing patient care or support services in healthcare settings.

    Nosocomial Infections

    • Nosocomial infections are defined as infections acquired in hospitals.

    Chain of Infection

    • The transmission of infectious agents requires a source, a susceptible host, and a mode of transmission.

    Sources of Infectious Agents

    • Pathogens linked to healthcare-associated infections (HCIs) primarily originate from human sources, contaminated objects, and environmental sources.
    • Incorrect assumption: Human sources exclude household members and visitors.

    Susceptible Hosts

    • Factors influencing infections in hosts include organism characteristics (numbers, pathogenicity, virulence) and host defense mechanisms.
    • Susceptible hosts may experience asymptomatic colonization or progress to symptomatic disease.

    Pathogen Transmission

    • Pathogens can be transmitted through direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets, and airborne particles.

    Airborne Transmission

    • Droplet nuclei are small airborne particles that can remain suspended and may not be limited to 3 feet from the source.

    Standard Precautions

    • Standard Precautions are applicable universally across healthcare settings to prevent healthcare-associated infections, irrespective of the patient’s infection status.

    Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette

    • Developed during the 2003 SARS outbreak, emphasizing the importance of source control measures.

    Source Control Measures

    • Includes turning away, using tissues, and practicing hand hygiene after exposure to respiratory secretions.

    Health Care Personnel Protocols

    • Healthcare personnel with respiratory infections must adhere to contact and droplet precautions, including PPE usage.

    Safe Injection Practices

    • Emphasize single-use syringes and do not administer medications from single-dose vials to multiple patients.

    Transmission-Based Precautions

    • Types include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions, implemented based on pathogen identification.

    Airborne Precautions Controls

    • Incorporate administrative, environmental, and respiratory-protection controls to minimize airborne pathogen transmission.

    Airborne Isolation Rooms (AIIRs)

    • AIIRs maintain negative pressure and are equipped with efficient air filtration systems to manage airborne infections.

    Respiratory Protection Controls

    • Incorrect assumption about controls reducing exposure areas to minimize the exposure of personnel; instead, they focus on individual protections.

    Role of Infection Prevention Coordinator (IPC)

    • IPC's responsibilities extend to developing protocols and monitoring adherence but do not include overall compliance responsibility.

    Infection Prevention Strategies

    • Should be suited to the healthcare setting, addressing all clinical processes, and evaluated through structure, process, and outcome metrics.

    Infection Prevention Education

    • Continuous education on protocols is imperative; training cannot be a one-time requirement due to ongoing risks associated with infections.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on standard and transmission-based precautions relevant to healthcare personnel. Test your understanding of definitions and responsibilities within healthcare settings. Perfect for both students and professionals wanting to refresh their knowledge.

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