Introduction to Software Engineering
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Questions and Answers

Who is the instructor of the Software Engineering course?

  • Dr. John Smith
  • Dr. Alan Turing
  • Dr. Jane Doe
  • Dr. Bodor Almubaddel (correct)

The office of the instructor is located on the second floor.

True (A)

What is the email of the instructor?

The instructor's office number is __________.

<p>333</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following information with their respective details:

<p>Instructor = Dr. Bodor Almubaddel Office Location = Second floor Office Hour = By appointment Email = <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

What common issues were reported in software development projects?

<p>Unreliable performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A disciplined approach is unnecessary for managing complex systems.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one characteristic of poorly performing software development projects.

<p>Late delivery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Software projects are often ______ in terms of budget and reliability.

<p>over budget</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following software project issues with their descriptions:

<p>Late = Not delivered on the agreed timeline Over budget = Exceeding the estimated financial plan Unreliable = Inconsistent performance and outcome Difficult to maintain = Challenging to update or fix</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of requirements describe the behavior of the system?

<p>Functional requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT classified as an execution quality?

<p>Maintainability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of requirement management during software development?

<p>Documenting all requirements as they change (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following categories falls under non-functional requirements?

<p>Scalability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done with new requirements that emerge during development?

<p>Evaluate and prioritize them based on business needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which source of requirements involves analyzing prior system versions?

<p>Analyzing older requirement documents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-functional requirement?

<p>The system must be user-friendly and intuitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for ensuring the requirements are effectively understood and implemented?

<p>Collaboration and review with experienced team members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary objective of a feasibility study in requirement engineering?

<p>To create reasons for developing software that is acceptable to users (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feasibility assesses whether the software can generate financial profits for an organization?

<p>Economic Feasibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key activity during requirement elicitation and analysis?

<p>Identifying customer requirements and existing processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does operational feasibility assess in the context of requirement engineering?

<p>The software's ability to solve business problems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In requirement engineering, what does requirement validation ensure?

<p>That software requirements meet user needs and standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the requirement elicitation process, what is one common issue that may arise?

<p>Identifying conflicting requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the requirement engineering process?

<p>Requirement Gathering and Report Generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important question to ask when evaluating stakeholder interest in a software solution?

<p>What measurable benefits will come from the solution's implementation? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Software Requirement Specification (SRS)?

<p>To translate requirements from the customer into technical language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a technique for validating requirements?

<p>Stakeholder interviews (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of requirements typically includes high-level statements of goals and objectives?

<p>Business requirements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Functional requirements must be documented in what manner?

<p>In various formats depending on the context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that validated requirements should have?

<p>They should be creatively vague. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do nonfunctional requirements typically describe?

<p>Qualities and characteristics of the system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a good requirement?

<p>It should be consistent and unambiguous. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a data flow diagram (DFD) in requirements analysis?

<p>To illustrate the flow of information within the system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk during the requirement specification phase?

<p>Misinterpretation of client needs by experts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does traceability in requirements ensure?

<p>Each requirement is linked to a specific business need. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements illustrates a conflict in requirements?

<p>Certain courses can be taken by both undergraduates and postgraduates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be included in a well-defined requirement?

<p>Clear metrics for success. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of requirements is necessary to maintain consistency?

<p>Clear definitions of terms used. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a bad requirement that lacks mapping to business requirements be improved?

<p>By providing a specific requirement ID. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a requirement to be 'unambiguous'?

<p>It has only one clear meaning. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to avoid conflicts in requirements?

<p>It helps maintain project scope and objectives. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for a requirement to be atomic?

<p>Each requirement should be at a very low level of detail. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for requirements to be uniquely identified?

<p>It eliminates confusion about which requirement is being referenced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement quality mentioned?

<p>Complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a bad requirement related to completeness?

<p>A professor user will log into the system by providing his username, password, and other relevant information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the requirement 'Students will be able to enroll to undergraduate and post graduate courses' be improved?

<p>Separate it into two distinct requirements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of requirement quality ensures that all stakeholders can test if the requirements are met?

<p>Testability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of having two requirements with the same ID?

<p>Confusion about which requirement is being referred to. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quality requirement is ensured by providing a unique ID for each requirement?

<p>Traceability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of managing requirements in a project?

<p>Requirements should be prioritized based on implementation order. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes a requirement non-testable?

<p>It is vague about the subject being addressed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must requirements be testable?

<p>To facilitate verification of the system’s functionality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does prioritization of requirements improve project management?

<p>It guides the team on which tasks are most important first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a better-defined requirement?

<p>The register student and enroll courses pages should load within 5 seconds. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason to avoid having all requirements at the same priority?

<p>It increases team confusion and reduces efficiency. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects a principle of requirement analysis?

<p>Requirements must be adaptable and defined clearly for better outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What issue does the requirement 'each page of the system will load in an acceptable time frame' present?

<p>It does not specify the pages or the loading timeframe. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Software Engineering Book

A book about the principles and practices of software development.

Software Engineering Introduction

The first chapter of the software engineering textbook.

Instructor Name

The name of the teacher for software engineering.

Instructor Office

The location of the instructor's office

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Instructor Email

The email address of the instructor.

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Software Development Crises

Problems faced in software development projects, causing delays, budget overruns, unreliable products, difficulty in maintenance, and poor performance.

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Late Delivery

A major issue in software development where projects miss their deadlines, leading to delays and disruptions.

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Over Budget

A common problem where the actual cost of software development exceeds the initial planned budget, leading to financial strain.

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Unreliable Software

Software that frequently crashes, experiences errors, or doesn't function as expected, causing frustration to users.

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Difficult to Maintain

Software that's complex and poorly structured, making it challenging to fix bugs, add features, or adapt to changes.

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SRS

A document that outlines the detailed requirements for a software project.

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Requirement Validation

The process of ensuring that the collected requirements are accurate, complete, and consistent.

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ER Diagram

A visual representation of data entities and their relationships.

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Requirements Reviews/Inspections

A systematic manual analysis of the requirements to identify any issues.

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Prototyping

Creating a working model to test and validate requirements.

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Functional Requirements

Describe what the software is supposed to do.

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Non-functional Requirements

Describe qualities like performance, security, and usability.

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Business Requirements

High-level goals and objectives of the project.

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Stakeholder Interest

The motivation and importance of a stakeholder's involvement in a software project, driven by their potential benefits from a successful solution.

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Measurable Benefit

A quantifiable positive outcome that can be attributed to a software solution, showcasing its value and success.

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Business Problem

A specific challenge or issue within a company that a software solution aims to address, improving efficiency or effectiveness.

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Business Environment

The context in which a software solution will be implemented, including the company's structure, processes, and existing systems.

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Requirement Engineering Process

A systematic approach to gathering, analyzing, and documenting the needs and expectations for a software project, ensuring a successful solution.

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Feasibility Study

An assessment of the practicality and viability of developing a software project, evaluating technical, operational, and economic aspects.

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Requirement Elicitation

The process of gathering detailed information about the needs, expectations, and functionalities required from a software project.

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Requirement Analysis

Examining and understanding the collected requirements, identifying inconsistencies, gaps, or conflicts to refine and clarify the project's vision.

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Execution Qualities

Observable aspects of a system during runtime, like security, usability, and performance.

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Evolution Qualities

Static attributes of a system that affect its long-term development and maintenance, such as testability, maintainability, extensibility, and scalability.

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Requirement Management

The process of managing and controlling changing requirements throughout the software development lifecycle.

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Requirement Change Reasons

Changing business needs, better understanding of requirements, changing priorities, and evolving technical environments.

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Analyze Requirements

Studying and understanding requirements to ensure they are clear, consistent, and achievable.

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Requirement Sources

Information from colleagues, project managers, business analysts, developers, previous versions of the system, bug reports, installation guides, and domain knowledge.

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Complete Requirements

Requirements should be detailed and clear enough to avoid ambiguity. Missing information leads to confusion and potential issues during development.

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Consistent Requirements

Requirements should not contradict each other. Conflicting statements can lead to misunderstandings and challenges in implementation.

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Unambiguous Requirements

Requirements should be expressed clearly and precisely, leaving no room for different interpretations.

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Traceable Requirements

Requirements should have a clear link to other related requirements, allowing you to track their origin and dependencies.

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Requirement ID

A unique identifier assigned to each requirement for easy referencing and tracking.

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Architectural and Design Requirements

Technical specifications outlining how the software will be structured, designed, and implemented.

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System Integration Requirements

Detailed guidelines describing how different software components will interact with each other.

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Atomic Requirement

A requirement that is at the lowest level of detail and cannot be further broken down into smaller components.

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Uniquely Identified Requirement

Each requirement should have a unique identifier to prevent confusion and ensure clarity in referencing.

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Bad Requirement Example (Atomic)

A requirement that is not atomic and combines multiple concepts. For example, "Students will be able to enroll in undergraduate and postgraduate courses".

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Good Requirement Example (Atomic)

A requirement broken down into atomic parts. For example, "Students will be able to enroll in undergraduate courses." and "Students will be able to enroll in postgraduate courses."

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Bad Requirement Example (Unique ID)

Two or more requirements having the same ID number. For example, two requirements with ID#1, making it unclear which requirement is being referenced.

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Good Requirement Example (Unique ID)

Requirements with unique IDs to distinguish them clearly. For example, requirement 1.1 for undergraduate enrollment and requirement 1.2 for postgraduate enrollment.

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Why are complete requirements important?

Complete requirements provide all necessary details, ensuring clarity and avoiding ambiguity. They help prevent confusion and ensure accurate implementation.

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Traceability in Software Development

The ability to track relationships between different project artifacts, such as requirements, code, and test cases. This ensures that each element is linked back to the original source, promoting quality control and understanding.

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Requirement Prioritization

The process of ranking requirements based on their importance and urgency, ensuring development teams focus on the most critical ones first.

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Bad vs. Good Requirement

Bad requirements are ambiguous, untestable, or incomplete, while good requirements clearly define what is needed and can be measured objectively.

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What makes a Requirement Testable?

A testable requirement is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). It clearly outlines what needs to be tested and how.

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Testable Requirement Example

Instead of 'Each page should load quickly,' a better requirement would be 'The student registration and enrollment pages should load in 5 seconds or less.'

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Why are Testable Requirements Important?

Testable requirements help ensure that software meets user needs by providing clear criteria to measure its functionality and performance. This reduces ambiguity and prevents misunderstandings.

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Non-Testable Requirements

These are vague, subjective statements that are difficult or impossible to verify. 'The system should be easy to use' is an example of a non-testable requirement because 'easy to use' is subjective.

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Converting Non-Testable to Testable

Re-write non-testable requirements by defining specific criteria, metrics, and timelines. This allows for objective testing and validation.

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Study Notes

Introduction to Software Engineering

  • Software engineering is a discipline that focuses on all aspects of software production, spanning from the initial stages of system specification to the maintenance phase after its release.
  • This discipline aims to create well-designed, developed, and maintained software systems.
  • The 1968 NATO Software Engineering Conference introduced the term "software crisis," highlighting the challenges in software development.

Software Engineering vs Computer Science

  • Computer science deals with theoretical foundations, while software engineering focuses on practical aspects of software design, development, and delivery.
  • Edsger Dijkstra, a prominent computer scientist, is credited with the statement, “Computer science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes.”

Types of Software

  • Generic Products: Standalone software marketed to any customer. Examples include general-purpose software like graphic programs or project management tools. Developers own the specification.
  • Customized/Bespoke Products: Software commissioned by a specific customer to meet their unique needs. Customers define the specification for the software. Examples include systems like embedded control systems or specialized software for particular industries.

Frequently Asked Questions about Software Engineering

  • What is software? A computer program and associated documentation; software can be designed for a particular customer or marketed broadly.
  • What are the attributes of good software? Good software should deliver the required functionality and performance effectively to a user. It also requires ease of maintenance and should be reliable, dependable, and usable.
  • What is software engineering? An engineering discipline dealing with all aspects of software production, encompassing the entire development lifecycle.
  • What are the fundamental software engineering activities? These activities include software specification, development, validation, and evolution.
  • What is the difference between software engineering and computer science? Computer science focuses on the theory behind software, whereas software engineering focuses on practical application.
  • What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering? Software engineering is focused on software itself and its creation, development, and delivery. System engineering considers all parts of a system. This includes computer-hardware details and processes.

Software Process

  • Software process involves activities and results leading to a software product creation. The core activities are specification, development, validation, and evolution.

Software Process Models

  • Different models exist to represent a software process, including the Waterfall approach, iterative development, and Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE).

The Cost of Software Engineering

  • Factors determining software cost include the chosen development process and the specific software being developed.
  • Development costs usually account for a significant portion of overall costs; testing costs represent another sizeable portion.
  • In custom software, evolution costs frequently surpass development costs.

Cost Distribution (Custom vs Generic)

  • The cost distribution among various development stages (specification, design, development, testing, and maintenance) can vary significantly depending on the type of software: bespoke (custom) or generic.
  • Generic software often has most of the costs concentrated in system testing. Bespoke development often has higher costs in the initial stages of design and the evolution phases later in the lifecycle.

What is CASE?

  • CASE stands for Computer-Aided Software Engineering.
  • CASE tools support software engineering activities such as requirements analysis, system modeling, debugging, and testing.

Attributes of Good Software

  • Functional Attributes: Describe what a software system does, including performance considerations.
  • Non-functional Attributes (Quality Attributes): Describe how a software system performs, such as usability, maintainability, dependability, and efficiency.

Challenges Facing Software Engineering

  • Heterogeneity: Software must accommodate diverse computing platforms and support environments.
  • Delivery: Businesses need software solutions delivered more quickly.
  • Trust: Software must be trustworthy, operating reliably and securely in various aspects of people's lives, including work, study, and personal use.

General Policy (from the slides)

  • No make-up quizzes, grades, or presentations.
  • Make-up midterms are available from the beginning to the end of the tenth week of the course. No medical excuses are required.
  • No excuses for absence from lectures are accepted unless there's an official warning or disciplinary action.
  • No excused absences for late submissions or missing classes.

Grading (from the slides)

  • Final exam: 40%
  • Midterm exam: 20%
  • Quizzes: 10%
  • Individual assignments: 10%
  • Group project: 20%
  • Passing grade: 60% or higher

Additional Information (from the slides)

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Related Documents

Requirement Engineering Chapter 4 PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamentals of software engineering, covering its principles, differences from computer science, and types of software. You'll learn about the history and terminology of this essential discipline in software development. Test your understanding of key concepts introduced in the field.

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