Introduction to Sociology Quiz

The ability of a state to make and carry out decisions independently of other states, including governing its own territory and citizens.

The concrete system through which a state's objectives are achieved. It consists of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.

The right of a state to interact with other sovereign states on behalf of its citizens.

The ability to influence or control others through positive rewards or negative sanctions.

Power that is allowed by law.

Power that is not allowed by law.

Power that is both legal and justifiable on moral grounds.

Power that is allowed by law but is not justifiable on moral grounds.

A group of individuals united by shared behaviors, relations, or common interests that distinguish them from others.

The essential unit of a society, without whom society cannot exist.

A sustained connection between members of a society, lasting for a significant period of time.

The collective effort of society members towards a shared goal that benefits everyone.

The moral principles and agreements that hold society together.

A force in society that guides cooperative efforts towards the common good.

The ability of a society to exist and function effectively, requiring a guiding force to direct collective efforts toward common goals.

Authority that diminishes as individuals acquire the skills and knowledge to act independently. Examples: Parental authority fading as children grow up, or corrective authority ending when a reformed criminal takes responsibility.

Authority that serves a fundamental purpose in society, even in a utopia where everyone is perfectly capable. It addresses the need to make choices when there are multiple equally good options.

The ability of citizens to participate in the political process through free and fair elections, ensuring a peaceful transfer of power.

The ability of people to openly express their opinions and concerns about government policies without fear of reprisal, including freedom of speech and press.

The system where the people hold the ultimate power, through electing representatives and participating in the political process.

A form of government where the people elect representatives to govern.

A core concept of democracy that allows for peaceful transfer of power between individuals, ensuring stability and order.

Citizens can freely participate in electing representatives who make government decisions. This ensures that the government reflects the people's will, and officials can be peacefully removed from office.

Citizens have the right to express their views on government actions and policies. The press can investigate and report on government operations without fear of censorship.

The government allows citizens to own property and businesses, participate in the labor market, and make choices about their work. This fosters economic growth and opportunity.

Individuals have the freedom to practice their own religion or beliefs without interference from the government.

Government officials are accountable for their actions and cannot misuse their power for personal gain. Mechanisms exist to prevent corruption and abuse of power.

Citizens can form groups and organizations without government interference to advocate for shared interests or address societal issues.

Governments should be transparent in their operations, making information about their decisions and activities available to the public.

In a democracy, individuals and groups have the right to express their differing political opinions and participate in opposition movements without fear of reprisal.

Media outlets that are controlled or influenced by the government, aiming to broadcast information aligned with state policies.

Media that operates independently of the government, free to report without censorship or influence.

Media that focuses on local communities and uses traditional methods of communication.

Media that uses printed materials like newspapers and magazines to distribute information.

Media that reaches audiences using electronic technologies like television, radio, and internet.

A system where the state prioritizes the welfare of its citizens by safeguarding their rights, providing essential services, and promoting social equality.

A state of societal disorder, often marked by violence, conflict, and a breakdown of law and order.

A system where the president is the head of both the government and state, wielding executive power independently of the legislature.

A system where the prime minister, leader of the majority party in parliament, holds executive power, accountable to the legislature.

A government where the military controls the state, often seizing power through a coup d'état.

A government whose leadership is chosen by the people through elections, with power not held by the armed forces.

A system where different levels of government (national, regional, local) share power and responsibilities.

The branch of government responsible for interpreting and applying the law, ensuring no branch oversteps its power.

A disadvantage of a federal system, as it involves multiple government departments with potentially overlapping functions.

A delicate balance of power and cooperation between different levels of government is necessary for a functional federal system.