Introduction to Sociology Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Structural Functionalism?

  • Competition over resources
  • Micro-level meanings
  • Society functioning like an organism (correct)
  • Interactions in everyday life

    • Conflict Theory primarily focuses on the stability of societal structures.

    False

    Who is credited with the origin of Symbolic Interactionism?

    Max Weber

    According to Conflict Theory, society is characterized by ongoing struggles between __________.

    <p>groups competing over scarce resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following Sociological Paradigms with their main characteristics:

    <p>Structural Functionalism = Focuses on stability and social functions Conflict Theory = Focuses on competition over resources Symbolic Interactionism = Focuses on micro-level interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are manifest functions?

    <p>Obvious and intended effects of a social structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The limitation of Structural Functionalism is that it effectively addresses societal changes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conflict did Karl Marx primarily study?

    <p>Class Conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept describes the internal conflict African Americans experience in a prejudiced society?

    <p>Double Consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harriet Martineau contributed to sociology by exclusively writing about gender issues.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Race Conflict Theory emphasize in sociology?

    <p>The structure of society is defined by racial tensions due to unequal resources and power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first wave of feminism primarily focused on women's __________.

    <p>suffrage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the sociologist with their key concept or contribution:

    <p>W.E.B. Du Bois = Double Consciousness Max Weber = Rationalization Harriet Martineau = Cross-cultural studies Gender Conflict Theory = Societal structures and gender inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the transition from traditionalism to rational thought according to Weber?

    <p>Modernity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Women were included in academia from the beginning of the 20th century.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one solution proposed by W.E.B. Du Bois to address systemic racial inequality?

    <p>Strengthening social organizations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines the term 'Superstructure'?

    <p>Social institutions built on the economic base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Correlation implies causation between two variables.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Antonio Gramsci's work in sociology?

    <p>Hegemony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ class refers to individuals who own the means of production.

    <p>bourgeoisie</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of research methods with their descriptions:

    <p>Experiments = Test hypotheses with groups Surveys = Collect data through prepared questions Participant Observation = Join a group for less controlled study Existing Resources = Utilize pre-existing data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'Surplus Value' in economic terms?

    <p>Profit derived from the exploitation of labor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Durkheim's work in sociology highlighted the importance of qualitative methods over quantitative methods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'proletariat' refer to?

    <p>Working class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of group is considered stable but impersonal?

    <p>Large group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deviance is behavior that is inherently negative.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three types of formal organizations?

    <p>Utilitarian, Normative, Coercive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weak ties are beneficial for individuals in larger ______.

    <p>networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of norms with their descriptions:

    <p>Informal Norms = Mild behaviors like strange looks Formal Norms = Codified laws with legal sanctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trait of bureaucracies according to Max Weber?

    <p>Informal communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Social control regulates behavior through positive sanctions only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main problems associated with bureaucracies?

    <p>Inefficiency, bureaucratic ritualism, oligarchy, alienation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor that influences societal structures according to sociological perspectives?

    <p>Culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sociocultural evolution mainly occurs through economic changes only.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List the two types of solidarity proposed by Durkheim.

    <p>Mechanical Solidarity, Organic Solidarity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an agrarian society, social __________ significantly increases due to advanced farming.

    <p>inequality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each type of society with its primary characteristic:

    <p>Hunting and Gathering = Small, nomadic, low inequality Horticultural &amp; Pastoral = Domestication of plants/animals Industrial = Machine-powered production with urbanization Postindustrial = Shift to information/services and tech wealth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Marx, what is necessary for economic change?

    <p>Class struggle and revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Weber believed that ideas and rationalization do not contribute to social change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key point about technology's impact on society?

    <p>Technology advances society but increases inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of individuals who are re-arrested after incarceration?

    <p>67.8%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of no-fault divorce in the 1970s made it more difficult to obtain a divorce.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some social factors that influence compatibility in relationships?

    <p>Social, economic, and cultural factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The decline in marriage trends has resulted in __________ rates since the 1990s.

    <p>lower divorce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Durkheim's Functionalism = Unites people with shared values Conflict Theory = Supports social inequality and status quo Symbolic Interactionism = Uses symbols to express faith and identity No-Fault Divorce = Made divorces easier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of births occur outside of marriage as per current trends?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Romantic love is considered essential for all marriages across cultures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of propinquity in relationship formation?

    <p>Proximity influences relationship formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Sociology

    • Sociology is the study of human social behavior and societies
    • It examines social structures and interactions
    • It investigates social problems and changes within society

    Theoretical Paradigms

    • Paradigms are frameworks that shape our perspective on social issues.
    • In sociology, theoretical paradigms help understand and interpret facts.
    • Perspectives vary based on macro or micro-level analysis of societies.

    Structural Functionalism

    • Originated with Émile Durkheim.
    • Views society as an organism with interconnected parts working toward stability.
    • Key concepts include social structures, social functions (manifest and latent), social dysfunctions.

    Conflict Theory

    • Focuses on society as groups competing over scarce resources.
    • Examines ongoing conflicts among these groups (e.g., class, race, gender).
    • Highlights power struggles that shape social structures.

    Symbolic Interactionism

    • Focuses on micro-level interactions and meanings individuals create in everyday life.
    • Individuals construct reality through interactions and symbols (e.g., handshakes).
    • Examines everyday social interactions to understand social perspectives.

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    Description

    This quiz explores fundamental concepts in sociology, including theoretical paradigms and key theories such as structural functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Understand how these frameworks relate to social behavior, structures, and problems within society.

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