Introduction to Sociolinguistics 05

<p>Field Methods of the Project on Linguistic Change and Variation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the findings can be replicated by other researchers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International English: A Guide to Varieties of Standard English (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Participant observation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Scottish Corpus of Texts &amp; Speech (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Researchers must be able to disprove alternative hypotheses. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introducing Sociolinguistics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of 'was' or 'were' in sentences like 'There was ten of us' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The use of 'couch' or 'sofa' to refer to a piece of living room furniture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whether the subject of a sentence is a pronoun or a full noun phrase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Semantic variables (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Internal factors are related to the structure of language, while external factors are related to non-linguistic aspects of the speaker. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using different politeness strategies in different situations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The speaker's social class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The grammatical and lexical connections that create a semantic link within a text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing the grammatical structure of specific dialects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theme is the topic of discussion, and rheme provides new information about the theme. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A group of friends using slang expressions that only they understand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The relationship between language and social factors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>That our voices reveal personal information about us that can be used to make judgments. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To demonstrate the importance of studying sociolinguistics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The development of new methods for studying language variation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It was the first study to demonstrate the influence of social factors on language change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional dialectology focused on regional variation, while Labov's approach focused on social variation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NORMs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A desire to learn about the history of the language. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used by people from different regions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People often use different language features depending on who they are speaking to. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Markers are conscious choices, while indicators are unconscious. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to a shift in focus from purely linguistic features to the social factors influencing language. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard English can be spoken in various local accents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides significant clues about a speaker's geographical background. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a linguistic feature that is widely recognized and often used for dialect performances and impersonations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A marker is a feature that speakers are aware of and can consciously change, while an indicator is a feature that is less conscious and shows minimal style-shifting. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using 'ain't' in Southern US English because speakers are aware of it and may change its use in different contexts. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Systematic data collection techniques used in research.

Findings supported by strong empirical evidence in research.

Method where sociolinguists observe language in natural contexts.

Inferring evidence through measurements that produce numeric outcomes.

Extrapolating evidence from what people say or write.

Standard English can be spoken in various local accents.

An accent in England spoken by about 2-5% of the population.

The majority English accent in the US, used by media.

A widely recognized linguistic feature often used in dialect performances.

Markers are semi-conscious features vary by style; Indicators show consistent use without awareness.

The study of how language varies and changes in social contexts.

A language that is widely accepted as the norm in a particular country or region.

Differences in language use across different speakers or groups.

A particular form of a language that is specific to a region or group.

Research techniques used to gather linguistic data in its natural context.

Sound variations in pronunciation, like how /t/ is realized.

Variations in grammatical structures, such as verb forms.

Different words used for the same item, like 'soda' vs 'pop'.

Changes in language use depending on context or politeness.

Linguistic elements that influence language variation.

Social or cultural influences on language variation.

Variations in how the sound /t/ is pronounced, like [t], [ʔ].

Different titles or terms used to address people based on formality.

The logical and consistent flow of ideas in a text.

The grammatical and lexical links in a text that connect ideas.

Theme is the context; rheme is the new information introduced in discourse.

The organization and sequencing of thematic elements in discourse.

The use of multiple languages by individuals or communities.

A shift in sociolinguistics focusing on language variation and its social implications.

Differences in language use among regions, social groups, or contexts.

Variations in language used based on local or regional identity.

Signs that illustrate how individuals navigate social identity through language variation.

Early study of dialects focused on rural, non-mobile older males in specific communities.

An acronym for Non-mobile Older Rural Males, a focus group in traditional dialect studies.

Reasons behind language changes relate to social acceptance, community values, and avoidance of stigma.

Labov's study showed that social factors, rather than just linguistic ones, drive changes in pronunciation.