Introduction to Social Studies

• These notes cover Social Studies as citizenship education, the self concept, family, technical skills, visual arts, agriculture, home economics, and TVET.

Meaning of Social Studies

• Social studies is citizenship education
• Social Studies equips the learner with relevant knowledge, skills, positive attitudes, and values to solve personal and societal problems

Characteristics/Uniqueness of Social Studies

• Social Studies is an integrated subject
• Social Studies focuses on problem-solving
• Social Studies involves man’s relationship with his environment in a multi-disciplinary approach
• Social Studies makes the learner holistic in nature

Importance of Social Studies

• Social Studies makes learners tolerant and broad-minded
• Social Studies makes learners patriotic citizens
• Social Studies enables learners to identify and solve personal and societal problems
• Social Studies helps maintain inter-group understanding
• Social Studies helps develop good leaders and good followers

Implications for Teaching Social Studies at the Basic Schools

• Teaching social studies creates interplay between social studies and TVET
• Teaching social studies gives learners a holistic understanding of socio-economic and environmental issues
• Teaching social studies involves the acquisition of an integrated body of knowledge to enable holistic teaching

Definition of Self-Concept

• Self-concept refers to how an individual perceives themself in terms of their psychological makeup, strengths, and weaknesses
• Self-concept represents the sum total of a person’s perception, belief, and feeling about themself, and the knowledge they have about themselves

False Identity

• False identity: Some students or people pretend to be what they are not, wanting to show off a false image

Dimensions of Self-Perception

• Physical
• Spiritual
• Emotional characteristics (trait)
• Social
• Psychological dimension

Psychological Dimensions of Self

• Include self-esteem, self-identity, and self-efficacy

Self Identity

• Personality is the assemblage of the qualities that make an individual unique and distinct from all other individuals

Self Esteem

• Self esteem links with self identity, and is a self-evaluating concept that enables an individual to see how important he/she is among his /her peers
• Self-esteem is high when an individual sees himself/herself as possessing valuable characteristics or experience

Self Esteem Definition

• A belief about one’s own worth based on overall evaluation, the ability to produce a desired effect under deal testing conditions, and the degree of ability to produce a desired effect

Self Efficacy

• A person’ belief about his or her chances of successfully completing a task

Physical Dimension

• Some aspects are genetically acquired, focusing on physical appearance like complexion, body shape, and height

Psychological Self

• One's confidence level and explicit personality, including being focused, trustworthy, and confident

Emotional Self/State

• Depends on the circumstances in which one was born

Social Self

• Whether someone is extroverted, introverted, normal, average, social, or anti-social

Real Self

• The true character or behavior a person possesses, discoverable by asking others "how am I?"

Other Self

• How a person would like to be, achievable through hard work and role modeling

Real Other

• The way a person thinks other people perceive him/her

Ideal Other

• The way a person thinks other people would like him or her to be

Importance of Knowing One's Self

• To find positive qualities and develop potentials, transforming them into achievements
• To identify weaknesses and find ways to overcome shortcomings
• To make the right decisions and good choices

Personal Benefits

• Identify strengths or qualities for personal benefit and national contribution, become self-reliant, confident, independent, and responsible

Interpersonal Relations

• Knowledge of oneself determines how one relates to others, understanding if one is an introvert, extrovert, sanguine, or melancholy

Appreciating People's Perception

• Helps one appreciate others' views

Definitions

• Sadist: Gains pleasure from causing cruelty or pain to others
• Sanguine: Talkative, less focused on the problem
• Melancholy: Great sadness or depression

The Family

• Nuclear Family: Intact, with parents and children
• Stem extended family-grandparent and their children
• Compound family- a combination of nuclear and part of them such as polygynous home consisting of one man, his wives and their respective children.

Concept Mapping

• Community
• School
• Family
• Individuals

Links Between Individuals, School, Family and Community

• Individuals, schools, families, and communities have connections between them

Family Role

• Helps develop the individual, calculate right values, provide socialization needs, resources, and name

Community Role

• School and community play roles in the lives of individuals, leaders ensure there are necessary buildings and centers for individuals

Individual Contributions

• Individuals contribute to family and community development through communal labor, giving to the needy, national service, field experience, and educating community members

Impact of Family and Community

• Provides conducive home atmosphere, socio-economic support, education, and ensures no community conflict

Importance of Family and Community to Teachers

• Provides support teachers with TLM's, and good community relationships

Technical Skills lesson description

• Technical skills and social studies are related, relevant to the socio-economic development of Ghana

Purpose for the Technical Skills Lesson

• To predispose student teachers to the concept of the interrelatedness of Technical skills and Social Studies in the school curriculum

Learning Outcomes

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the branches and importance of Technical Skills
• Demonstrate basic knowledge of the uniqueness and interrelatedness of Technical Skills and Social Std
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the strengths of the interrelatedness between TSs and SSs as sources of vocation for all including students, teachers with SEN and their implications for teaching the basic school curriculum

Concept of Technical Skills

• It is the application of scientific principles to equip the individual with skills, attitude, values, knowledge and understanding to enable the individual to function in the world of work

Technical Skills

• Abilities and knowledge needed to perform specific tasks, are practical in nature, and requires manipulation of tools to perform a specific task
• It is a broad area with many aspects or branches

Branches/Aspects of Technical Skills

• Woodwork (Wood technology)
• Metalwork (Metal technology)
• Blockwork (Building construction technology)
• Electronic technology
• Electrical technology
• Automotive technology

Woodwork

• Trade or skills of using wood and wood products in making artifacts like cabinets, wood carving, joinery, carpentry and wood turning

Metalwork

• Trade comprised of different areas of specialization such as fitting and machining, fabrication and welding, foundry and forging
• Deals with the construction, building manufacturing and production of mechanical parts and production of articles/artefacts

Blockwork

• Trade to create, design and erect structural, and make and install their various components
• This includes the act of building houses, skyscrapers, hospitals and bridges

Electronic Technology

• A discipline that deals with the designing, creation, repair and developing of everyday devices such as mobile phones, portable music devices, television and computers
• Offers the chance to produce new telecommunication, robotics, computing hardware, power and electrical

Electrical Technology

• A trade that deals in installing, maintaining, and repairing electrical control, wiring and lighting systems

Automotive Technology

• Students studying automotive technology learn about engine construction, fuel and ignition systems, power trains, brakes, transmissions, electronics and diagnostic equipment
• An auto mechanic performs maintenance diagnostic testing repairs and inspections of small trucks and cars
• They work on engines, drive belts, transmissions and electronic systems, such as steering, brakes and accidents avoidance systems

Importance of Technical Skills

• Technical skills create employment/job for people
• It increases productivity thereby making work processes easy and faster
• It reduces poverty
• It enhances economic, social and industrial development

Uniqueness of Technical Skills

• Technical skills are practically oriented
• It relies on scientific principles
• It is manipulative and mechanical in nature
• It is problem solving in nature
• It is mathematics and scientific in nature

Interrelatedness of Technical Skills (TVET) and Social Studies

• Technology is used to motivate, support and promote teaching and learning of social studies in schools
• Technical skills create job opportunity for people in the society
• Social vices are reduced through them

Implications of Technical Education

• Inclusive would create high rate of employment and increase production
• Exclusive emphasis on TVET would provide morally corrupt and insensitive people

Careers in Technical Skills

• Technical Teachers
• Building engineers
• Mechanical engineers
• Masons
• Carpenters
• Electrical engineers
• Electronic engineers
• Artisans

Visual Arts Lesson Description

• Visual arts and social studies are related ,relevant to the socio-economic development of Ghana

Purpose for the Visual Arts Lesson

• To predispose student teachers to the concept of interrelatedness of Visual arts and Social Studies in the school curriculum

Learning Outcomes

• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the branches/areas/aspects and importance of Visual arts
• Demonstrate basic knowledge of the uniqueness and interrelatedness of Visual arts and Social Std
• Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the career opportunities within the visual arts and their relevance for community development
• Demonstrate understanding of personal preferences and aspirations within the Visual Arts domains

Concept of Visual Art

• The study and creation of symbolic/realistic creative expressions using visual imagery to communicate personal, cultural, historical, and/or universal thoughts, ideas, feelings, and beliefs to satisfy the human need.

Common visual arts

• Picture Making, Ceramics and pottery, Sculpture, Textiles, jewelry, Leatherwork, Graphic Design
• They can be seen and touched

Branches/Aspects of Visual Arts

• Picture Making
• Ceramics and pottery
• Sculpture
• Textiles
• Jewelry
• Leatherwork
• Graphic Design

Picture Making

• It is a two-dimensional (2-D) art in the form of pictures using a variety of tools, techniques and styles
• It includes drawing and colouring, painting, collage, mosaic, photomontage, photography, and other digital imagery

Ceramics and Pottery

• Artworks made out of clay and then 'fired' to make them permanent
• They can be two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D)
• Example earthen bowls, mugs, flower vases etc.

Sculpture

• A three-dimensional work, can be viewed from all sidesor in bas relief
• Examples of sculpture works include, statues made by modelling/casting, carved objects from wood/metal/stone etc.

Textiles

• Textile design is essentially the process of creating designs for woven, knitted or printed fabrics or surface ornamented fabrics
• The fabrics are produced by weaving, printing, knotting, crocheting etc

Jewelry

• Designing and making small decorative items worn for personal adornment such as broaches, rings, necklaces, ear rings etc

Leatherwork

• The art of preparing animal skins and hides into leather and using appropriate tools and materials to produce leather articles

Items include footwear, belts, purses, hand bags, drums, etc

• A two-dimensional art made by combining letters, symbols, words, pictures, and decorations as a means of communicating to the general public or a group of people
• Examples of graphic design items include posters, banners, flyers, billboards, magazines etc

Graphic Design

• A two-dimensional art made by combining letters, symbols, words, pictures, and decorations as a means of communicating to the general public or a group of people
• Examples of graphic design items include posters, banners, flyers, billboards, magazines etc

Uniqueness of visual arts

• Goes by artistic, mathematical and scientific principles
• It is practical (manipulative and tactile activities)
• Includes creativity, experimentation, creative and aesthetic experiences, curiosity and perceptual awareness

Importance of Visual Arts

• Visual arts serve as a source of employment and income earning
• It beautifies the environment
• It improves creative skills, helps in expression of emotions

Interrelatedness of Visual Arts and Social Studies

• Both identify and solve societal problems
• Artifacts depict a group's way of life

Implications for Teaching Visual Arts

• This is important for cultural and economic development of a nation
• When are taught in the college level, the knowledge and skills will enable teach effectively in basic sch curriculum
• It will also help erase the misconceptions of Social Studies and TVET

Art Careers

• Painter
• Sculptor
• Illustrator
• Graphic Designer
• Photographer
• Cartooning and Animation

Useful Career Information

• To note that, a career counselor, parents, teachers, pastors cannot tell you what career is best for you
• Also everyone is different and what works for one person won't necessarily work for another
• While firsthand experience is great, there are other ways to explore an occupation

Meaning of Agriculture

• Derived from two latin words “ager” meaning field and “cultura” meaning cultivation. Literally, agriculture means field cultivation
• Agriculture is the cultivation of crops and the rearing of farm animals for human's use, and the disposal of these products through marketing

Farming vs. Agriculture

• Farming: concerns itself with only on-farm activities
• Agriculture: deals with both on-farm and off-farm activities

Uniqueness of Agriculture

• The history of the development of the human race closely relates to that of agricultural development
• Forms an integral part of the culture of any group of people
• Knowledge and practice of agriculture is derived from the pure sciences

Categories of Agriculture

• Production agriculture is directly involved in on-farm activities
• Agriculture profession is not directly involved in on-farm activities

Branches of Agriculture

• Animal science - this is concerned with the rearing and management of farm animals
• Crop science - deals with the study of crops, their management, harvesting and storage
• Soil science - is the study of the classification, survey, conservation and management of the soil for crop and animal production
• Agricultural mechanization – is the branch of agriculture that deals with the study and operations of agricultural machinery, tools and equipment, together with the development of improved implements and equipment
• Horticulture: cultivation of fruits
• Forestry: management and conservation

Importance of Agriculture

• Supply of food
• Supply of raw materials for industries
• Provision of jobs and employment opportunities
• Provision of foreign exchange to countries (governments)
• Source of income for farmers
• Provision of clothing and shelter
• Provision of fuel and manure
• Source of drugs and medicine
• Source of education and training
• Preservation of culture
• Promotion of cooperation among members and communities

Agriculture and Culture

• Agriculture determines the culture of a group of people
• The culture of a group of people determines the farming system
• Types of crops determine the diet

Other Factors

• Horticulture beautifies
• Design of tools uses visual arts

Careers in Agriculture

• Agricultural production
• Agribusiness
• Teacher

Home Economics concept

• Home economics relates between ,communities and the environment

Major aspects of Home Economics (Food and Nutrition)

• Scientific study of food nutrients ,prevent health problems

Major aspects of Home Economics (Clothing and Textiles)

• Use of products/material fibers/fabrics /clothes/maintenance

Major aspects of Home Economics (Management in Living)

• Applications of management principles

Home Economics related courses in the Universities

• Food and Nutrition
• Clothing and Textiles
• Meal Management

Home Economics Related Courses in the Colleges of Education

• Philosophical foundations and concept in Home Economics
• Manipulative processes and skills in Home Economics
• Assessment techniques in Home Economics

Importance or Relevance of the Home Economics Program

• Helps to train pre requisite knowledge
• Higher and vocational training skills
• All gender life support skills

Helps achieve goals

• Run a home and build family and improve quality of life
• Improve productivity with skills

Uniqueness of Home Economics

• Practical oriented
• Creativity and innovation
• Field of study (knowledge from disciplines , and psych
• World and work in people's life

More about Home Economics

• Beliefs in our economics
• Female subject
• People who are academic and disabled
• Government of community on well meaning of population
• Extra income support
• Textiles manage
• Individual support with societies

Home Economics and Social Studies (Interrelatedness)

• Individual and Environmental support
• Satisfaction in peoples needs and society problems

Career Opportunities Related to the Study of Home Economics

• Teacher
• Food nutritionist
• Food scientist
• Interior/Ext Decorator

Helps identify

• Knowledge and routes that courses and strategic to improve

SSTVET

• Need to work and integrate and have attention and relationships in all that Is involve

TVET in Ghana (Misconceptions

• Visual arts are meant for people who are not academically inclined
• Education has become a visual one

Lesson Description

• This lesson will demonstrate what's and how the student has learnt to become

Concept of Competitions

• Core values of family with ethical behaviour

Key competencies are

• Integrity analysis with skills

Decision is

• Based in alternate beliefs and values

Differences with competencies

• Values are in tagable

Competencies in development and decisions

• Core values determine the decision

Help students and people for the public

• Action with dev
• Anal tech and find solution with resources

Knowledge of competencies and teacher's

• transmit them and require them

TVET and Technology Concept

• Technology includes skills and knowledge

simplest tools

• are equipment for science and industry

Types of Technology

• Bio and Agri
• Energy and power
• Medical
• Info and communication

Some indigenous

• technology com rises of knowledge is a study

Impacts of Tech

• Helps improve communication
• Improves efficiency

More impacts of tech

• Students more aware through unlimited studies and knowledge

Relation between TVET and Society

• Increase product and reduce labor costs
• Help to support and show behavior for students in the world

TVET can help

• Make learning easier with relevant skills and resources

Enrolment by class and gender:

• Familiarization with STS school.
• School facilities
• Brief history
• Stake collaborators
• Enrolment by gender
• Materials and curriculum
• Key similarities in curriculum Lesson introduction ,development Management And closure with assessments.