Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of site investigation (SI)?
What is the primary purpose of site investigation (SI)?
- To assess the aesthetic value of the construction site
- To evaluate the potential environmental impact of the construction
- To gather information about the stratification and engineering properties of the soils (correct)
- To determine the availability of construction materials
Which of the following is NOT a principal engineering property of interest in site investigation?
Which of the following is NOT a principal engineering property of interest in site investigation?
- Permeability
- Strength
- Density (correct)
- Deformation
How does site investigation impact the design of foundations?
How does site investigation impact the design of foundations?
- It provides insights into construction techniques.
- It measures the performance of completed structures.
- It offers a review of environmental regulations.
- It informs the suitability and design parameters for the site. (correct)
What could potentially lead to engineering failures according to the principles of site investigation?
What could potentially lead to engineering failures according to the principles of site investigation?
What can be discovered through a proper site investigation?
What can be discovered through a proper site investigation?
Which factor is critical to ensure the success of foundation design based on site investigation?
Which factor is critical to ensure the success of foundation design based on site investigation?
What does the program of site investigation involve?
What does the program of site investigation involve?
What is a key objective of site investigation?
What is a key objective of site investigation?
What is the formula to calculate frictional resistance (Fr) in relation to cone resistance (qc)?
What is the formula to calculate frictional resistance (Fr) in relation to cone resistance (qc)?
Which equation describes the relationship between Fr and D50 for an electric cone?
Which equation describes the relationship between Fr and D50 for an electric cone?
What does D50 represent in soil mechanics?
What does D50 represent in soil mechanics?
In the equation Dr = 68[log(qc / pa) - 1], what does pa represent?
In the equation Dr = 68[log(qc / pa) - 1], what does pa represent?
What is the purpose of the vane shear test?
What is the purpose of the vane shear test?
What is the standard rotation rate during the vane shear test?
What is the standard rotation rate during the vane shear test?
What does the Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR) indicate in the context of soil properties?
What does the Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR) indicate in the context of soil properties?
What does Cu represent in the context of the vane shear test?
What does Cu represent in the context of the vane shear test?
What does a highly compressible sand Qc value indicate?
What does a highly compressible sand Qc value indicate?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between Dr and qc?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between Dr and qc?
What factor is represented by K in the formula for calculating shear strength?
What factor is represented by K in the formula for calculating shear strength?
What is the significance of the maximum torque, T, during the vane shear test?
What is the significance of the maximum torque, T, during the vane shear test?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended value of Qc for various types of sand?
Which of the following is NOT a recommended value of Qc for various types of sand?
How does the geometry of the vanes affect the calculation of the vane constant, K?
How does the geometry of the vanes affect the calculation of the vane constant, K?
For tapered vanes, what is the formula to determine K when the ratio of height to diameter, h/d, equals 2?
For tapered vanes, what is the formula to determine K when the ratio of height to diameter, h/d, equals 2?
What is the primary advantage of using the vane shear test?
What is the primary advantage of using the vane shear test?
What equation is used to determine undrained shear strength (Cu)?
What equation is used to determine undrained shear strength (Cu)?
Which of the following variables can the value of N vary between when determining undrained shear strength?
Which of the following variables can the value of N vary between when determining undrained shear strength?
What does the parameter $s_o$ represent in the equation for Cu?
What does the parameter $s_o$ represent in the equation for Cu?
In the correlation using horizontal effect stress, what is the constant value associated with $q_c$?
In the correlation using horizontal effect stress, what is the constant value associated with $q_c$?
Which equation represents the correlation between $q_c$ and the Drained Friction Angle for sand?
Which equation represents the correlation between $q_c$ and the Drained Friction Angle for sand?
What does the variable $N_{60}$ represent in the correlation equation for $q_c$ and $N$?
What does the variable $N_{60}$ represent in the correlation equation for $q_c$ and $N$?
What does the term 'Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)' generally refer to in foundation engineering?
What does the term 'Overconsolidation Ratio (OCR)' generally refer to in foundation engineering?
In the equation for the correlation between $q_c$ and $N$, which parameter is multiplied by $c$ to find $N_{60}$?
In the equation for the correlation between $q_c$ and $N$, which parameter is multiplied by $c$ to find $N_{60}$?
What is the primary purpose of the Plate Load Test (PLT)?
What is the primary purpose of the Plate Load Test (PLT)?
Which of the following tests is not categorized as a laboratory test in foundation engineering?
Which of the following tests is not categorized as a laboratory test in foundation engineering?
In preparing a boring log, which of the following information is essential?
In preparing a boring log, which of the following information is essential?
What does the ultimate bearing capacity indicate in a Plate Load Test?
What does the ultimate bearing capacity indicate in a Plate Load Test?
Which test is specifically used to measure the permeability of soil?
Which test is specifically used to measure the permeability of soil?
Which of the following methods is used to assess soil particle size in the laboratory?
Which of the following methods is used to assess soil particle size in the laboratory?
During site investigations, subsurface stratification can be obtained through which of the following?
During site investigations, subsurface stratification can be obtained through which of the following?
What is a key detail that must be recorded regarding groundwater in a boring log?
What is a key detail that must be recorded regarding groundwater in a boring log?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Site Investigation
- Site Investigation (SI) is crucial for understanding the subsurface conditions prior to construction of structures like buildings and bridges.
- SI involves gathering data about soil stratification and engineering properties including strength, deformation, and permeability.
- Proper SI helps identify risks (e.g., sinkholes) and determines the reliability of foundation design.
Objectives of Site Investigation
- Obtain knowledge about ground conditions to determine site's suitability for proposed constructions.
- Essential for estimating design parameters like strength and compressibility.
Vane Shear Test
- Used during drilling to measure in situ undrained shear strength (Cu) of clay soils.
- Torque applied at a standard rate rotates vanes, inducing soil failure; maximum torque (T) is measured.
- The equation relates Cu to T and the vane constant (K), essential for assessing soil strength.
Correlation of Soil Properties
- Relationships exist between various soil factors such as relative density (Dr), compressibility, and bearing capacity.
- Dr can be correlated with cone resistance (qc) and atmospheric pressure to assess effective stress.
- Specific formulas exist to determine relationships between undrained shear strength (Cu), preconsolidation pressure, and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) for clays.
Testing Methods
- In-Situ Tests: Includes Plate Load Test (PLT) that assesses soil's ultimate bearing capacity through loading and observing settlement.
- Laboratory Tests: Analyze physical properties (moisture content, specific gravity), particle size, and perform various strength tests (direct shear, unconfined compression, triaxial).
Reporting Procedures
- Sequence of site investigation includes planning, implementation, and reporting.
- Preparation of boring logs details information on drilling company, type and location of borings, subsurface stratification, groundwater elevation, and in-situ test results.
Boring Logs
- Essential for documenting subsurface conditions and includes:
- Initial drilling company information
- Subsurface stratification observations
- In-situ test data, such as Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results
- Soil sample collection details, including type and depth of samples.
Practical Application
- Example site investigations, like for bridge proposals, involve assessing subsoil and groundwater conditions through collected boring data.
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