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Questions and Answers
What are semiconductors?
Materials with conductivity between conductors and insulators.
Which of these is NOT a commonly used semiconductor?
Silicon is used in electronic circuit fabrication.
True
What is the process of adding impurities to a semiconductor called?
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Match the type of semiconductor to their properties:
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What happens to the conduction capability of intrinsic semiconductors at room temperature?
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In N-Type extrinsic semiconductors, holes are majority carriers.
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Name one everyday use of semiconductors.
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Semiconductors are used in __________ for controlling operations.
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Semiconductor devices require a large amount of input power.
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Study Notes
Overview of Semiconductors
- Semiconductors are materials with conductivity levels between conductors (like metals) and insulators (such as ceramics).
- Common semiconductors include gallium arsenide, germanium, and silicon.
- Silicon is prevalent in electronic circuits; gallium arsenide is utilized in solar cells and laser diodes.
Properties of Semiconductors
- Resistivity is between that of insulators and conductors.
- Exhibits a negative temperature coefficient: resistance increases as temperature decreases.
- Conductivity can be altered by adding metallic impurities, known as doping.
Types of Semiconductors
- Two primary categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
Intrinsic Semiconductors
- Extremely pure semiconductors with equal numbers of free electrons and holes.
- Offers low conduction capability at room temperature.
- Doping is used to enhance conduction capabilities.
Extrinsic Semiconductors
- Result from doping intrinsic semiconductors with impurities.
- Two types exist:
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N-type Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Formed by adding a pentavalent impurity (5 valence electrons).
- Electrons are the majority carriers; holes are the minority.
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P-type Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Formed by adding a trivalent impurity (3 valence electrons).
- Holes are the majority carriers; electrons are the minority.
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N-type Extrinsic Semiconductor
Everyday Applications of Semiconductors
- Utilized in temperature sensors, 3D printing machines, microchips, and self-driving cars.
- Essential components in calculators, solar panels, and various electronic devices.
- Transistors and MOSFETs serve as switches in electrical circuits and are made from semiconductors.
Industrial Uses of Semiconductors
- Key in the design of microchips, transistors, LEDs, and solar cells.
- Microprocessors for space vehicles, trains, and robots depend on semiconductor materials for functionality.
Importance of Semiconductors
- Highly portable due to compact size.
- Require less input power compared to traditional components.
- Semiconductor devices are shockproof, ensuring durability.
- Boast longer lifespans and operate with minimal noise.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental properties and applications of semiconductors. Learn about materials like silicon, gallium arsenide, and germanium, and how they differ from conductors and insulators. Test your understanding of the role of semiconductors in electronics and technology.
