Introduction to Sculpture

Sculpture

• "Sculpere," the Latin root of sculpture, means "to carve."
• Sculpture is a three-dimensional art form.
• The main element differentiating sculpture from painting is its three-dimensional form.
• Freestanding sculptures can be viewed from all sides.
• Relief sculpture is characterized by being attached to a surface.
• Kinetic sculpture includes movement as a key element.
• Stone is considered the principal medium for monumental sculpture.
• Terra cotta is also known as red clay.
• Resin is commonly used for statues of Catholic saints.
• Bronze is ideal for dramatic subjects and open composition in sculpture.
• The additive sculpting method involves building up materials.
• The subtractive method in sculpture involves removing unnecessary parts.
• Shaping clay is an example of a modeling method in sculpture.
• The first step in art criticism is description.
• The last step in art criticism is judgment.
• Guillermo Tolentino is the Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture.
• Guillermo Tolentino created The Oblation.
• Abdulmari Imao is known for Muslim art and the sarimanok.
• Paper is the material used in papier mache.
• Time Sculpture is a 12-meter tall sculpture located at SM Megamall.

Architecture

• Architecture is the art and technique of designing buildings.
• The Pyramid of Giza is part of the Ancient Egyptian architectural style.
• The Byzantine architectural style emphasizes domes and mosaics.
• The Parthenon is an example of Classical architecture.
• The Hagia Sophia is located in Turkey.
• Gothic architectural style features flying buttresses and stained glass.
• The Renaissance architectural style is characterized by symmetry and proportion.
• Rococo architectural style is known for being flamboyant and ornamental.
• The United States Capitol is an example of Neoclassicism.
• Bauhaus architecture originated in Germany.
• Brutalist architecture uses raw concrete and minimalism.
• Parametricism uses complex curves and computer-based design.
• Zaha Hadid is associated with deconstructivism.
• The purpose of architectural style is to create functional and expressive spaces.
• The Byzantine architectural structure features rotating symmetry and domes.

Photography

• The word "photograph" means "drawing with light."
• Sir John Herschel coined the word "photograph."
• ISO affects brightness in a photo.
• A fast shutter speed results in a shorter exposure.
• Aperture determines how much light enters a camera.
• Portraiture aims to capture personality.
• The Rule of Thirds divides an image into nine parts.
• The Surrealist photo movement deals with dreamlike and illogical themes.
• Documentary photography focuses on real people and events.
• Fashion photography focuses on style, clothing, and emotion.
• Joseph Niepce took the earliest surviving photograph.
• The Kodak camera was introduced in 1888.
• The Polaroid camera was an innovation introduced in 1948.
• A tripod is used for stabilizing the camera.
• The rule of thirds suggests placing subjects at intersections of a grid.

Matching Type

• Guillermo Tolentino : The Oblation
• Napoleon Abueva : Sandugo (Blood Compact)
• Eduardo Castrillo : Martyrdom of Dr. Jose Rizal
• Abdulmari Imao : Sarimanok
• Arturo Luz : Paper Clip
• Ramon Orlina : Beauty of Mother Love
• Jefre Figueras Manuel : Time Sculpture
• Michelangelo Buonarroti : Madonna della Pietà
• Juan de los Santos : Santos in Retablo
• Chinese Artisans (Pre-Spanish) : Labubu

Analogy

• Guillermo Tolentino : The Oblation :: Napoleon Abueva : Sandugo
• Eduardo Castrillo : Rizal Monument :: Jefre Manuel : Time Sculpture
• Ramon Orlina : Glass Sculpture :: Arturo Luz : Modern Minimalist Sculpture
• Michelangelo : Renaissance :: Löwenmenschof : Prehistoric
• Gothic : Flying Buttresses :: Byzantine : Apse and Mosaics
• Photography : Light :: Sculpture : Material
• ISO : Brightness :: Shutter Speed : Exposure Time
• Rule of Thirds : Composition :: Aperture : Light Entry
• Daguerreotype : Louis Daguerre :: Camera Obscura : Sir John Herschel
• Bauhaus : Germany :: Art Deco : USA