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Questions and Answers
What term describes a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge about the universe?
Which branch of science focuses on studying human behavior and societies?
In which step of the scientific method do scientists determine if the hypothesis is supported or rejected?
What is a well-substantiated explanation based on a body of evidence known as?
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What type of variable in an experiment is manipulated to observe its effect on another variable?
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Who is known for the theory of evolution by natural selection?
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Which of the following is NOT a key concept in science?
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What is the importance of ethics in science primarily focused on?
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Study Notes
Definition of Science
- Systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Branches of Science
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Natural Sciences
- Study of natural phenomena.
- Includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science.
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Formal Sciences
- Concerned with abstract concepts.
- Includes Mathematics, Logic, Statistics.
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Social Sciences
- Study of human behavior and societies.
- Includes Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics.
Scientific Method
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Observation
- Gathering information through the senses.
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Question
- Formulating a question based on observations.
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Hypothesis
- Proposing a testable explanation.
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Experimentation
- Conducting controlled tests to verify or refute the hypothesis.
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Analysis
- Interpreting data collected during experiments.
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Conclusion
- Determining whether the hypothesis is supported or rejected.
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Replication
- Repeating experiments to ensure reliability.
Key Concepts
- Theory: Well-substantiated explanation based on a body of evidence.
- Law: Statement that describes an observable occurrence in nature.
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Variable: Any factor that can be controlled, changed, or measured in an experiment.
- Independent Variable: Manipulated variable.
- Dependent Variable: Measured outcome.
Importance of Science
- Enhances understanding of the natural world.
- Drives technological advancements and innovations.
- Informs public policy and sustainable practices.
- Addresses global challenges (climate change, health crises).
Notable Scientific Figures
- Isaac Newton: Laws of motion and universal gravitation.
- Charles Darwin: Theory of evolution by natural selection.
- Marie Curie: Research on radioactivity; first woman to win Nobel Prize.
Ethics in Science
- Importance of integrity, honesty, and transparency in research.
- Consideration of the societal impacts of scientific discoveries.
Interdisciplinary Science
- Combines methods and knowledge from various scientific disciplines.
- Examples include biochemistry, environmental science, and cognitive science.
Definition of Science
- Systematic approach that organizes knowledge into testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
Branches of Science
- Natural Sciences: Focus on natural phenomena; includes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Earth Science.
- Formal Sciences: Explore abstract concepts; includes Mathematics, Logic, and Statistics.
- Social Sciences: Examine human behavior and societal structures; includes Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Economics.
Scientific Method
- Observation: Collecting information using the five senses.
- Question: Developing questions derived from observations.
- Hypothesis: Creating a testable explanation for the observed phenomena.
- Experimentation: Performing controlled tests to assess the hypothesis.
- Analysis: Evaluating data gathered from experiments to draw conclusions.
- Conclusion: Deciding if the hypothesis is supported or refuted by experimental data.
- Replication: Repeating experiments to validate results and ensure reliability.
Key Concepts
- Theory: Comprehensive explanation based on extensive evidence.
- Law: Descriptive statement capturing observable natural occurrences.
- Variable: Any factor that can be controlled, altered, or measured in an experiment.
- Independent Variable: The factor that is manipulated during experimentation.
- Dependent Variable: The outcome that is measured in response to changes in the independent variable.
Importance of Science
- Enhances comprehension of the natural world and its mechanisms.
- Fuels technological progress and innovations that impact everyday life.
- Guides public policy decisions and promotes sustainable practices.
- Addresses pressing global issues such as climate change and health crises.
Notable Scientific Figures
- Isaac Newton: Formulated the Laws of Motion and the Law of Universal Gravitation.
- Charles Darwin: Developed the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection.
- Marie Curie: Pioneered research on radioactivity; first woman to receive a Nobel Prize.
Ethics in Science
- Upholding integrity, honesty, and transparency in scientific research is crucial.
- Awareness of the societal effects and ethical considerations arising from scientific discoveries.
Interdisciplinary Science
- Integrates knowledge and methodologies from multiple scientific fields.
- Examples of interdisciplinary approaches include biochemistry, environmental science, and cognitive science.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of science, including its definition, branches, and the scientific method. This quiz covers natural, formal, and social sciences, as well as the process of scientific inquiry from observation to conclusion.
