Introduction to Science Quiz

Natural Sciences
- Physical Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Astronomy.
- Life Sciences: Biology, Ecology, Zoology, Botany.
- Earth Sciences: Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography.
Formal Sciences
- Mathematics, Logic, Statistics.
Applied Sciences
- Engineering, Medicine, Environmental Science.

Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.
Law: A statement based on repeated experimental observations that describe some aspects of the universe.
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence.

Science is a systematic process of building and organizing knowledge.
It utilizes observation, experimentation, and validation for building knowledge.

Natural Sciences study the physical world and living organisms.
- Physical Sciences include physics, chemistry, and astronomy, which explore matter, energy, and their interactions.
- Life Sciences encompass biology, ecology, zoology, and botany, focused on living organisms and their environments.
- Earth Sciences include geology, meteorology, and oceanography, examining the Earth's structure, atmosphere, and oceans.
Formal Sciences deal with abstract ideas, logical systems, and mathematical structures.
- Examples include mathematics, logic, and statistics.
Applied Sciences use knowledge from other branches to solve practical problems.
- Engineering, medicine, and environmental science are examples of applied sciences.

The scientific method is a systematic approach to investigation and gaining knowledge.
It involves the following steps:
- Observation: Identifying a phenomenon or pattern that sparks curiosity.
- Question: Asking specific questions about the observed phenomenon.
- Hypothesis: Formulating a testable explanation for the observation.
- Experimentation: Designing and conducting experiments to gather evidence to test the hypothesis.
- Analysis: Analyzing and interpreting data obtained from the experiment.
- Communication: Sharing the results and conclusions with the broader scientific community.

Theory: A well-established explanation of an aspect of the natural world, supported by a substantial body of evidence and accepted by the scientific community.
Law: A statement based on repeated observations, describing a fundamental aspect of the universe.
Hypothesis: A proposed explanation, a testable prediction made on the basis of preliminary evidence.

Science is crucial for technological advancements and medical breakthroughs leading to improvements in human life.
It helps address global challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and sustainability.
It fosters a deeper understanding of the universe and our place in it.

Science requires ethical conduct in all its practices.
Key ethical considerations include:
- Research Integrity: Ensuring honesty, transparency, and accountability in scientific research.
- Ethical Treatment of Subjects: Respecting the ethical treatment of human and animal subjects involved in research studies.
- Environmental Responsibility: Conducting research and applying scientific discoveries responsibly to protect the environment.

Basic Research: Aims to expand fundamental knowledge without immediate applications.
- It focuses on understanding the underlying principles of natural phenomena.
Applied Research: Focuses on solving specific, practical problems that have direct societal relevance.
- It translates scientific knowledge to practical solutions and technologies.

Isaac Newton: Famous for his laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Charles Darwin: Proposer of the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Albert Einstein: Developed the theory of relativity, revolutionizing our understanding of gravity, space, and time.

Science plays a vital role in shaping society.
It influences policy decisions, educational systems, public health initiatives, and many other aspects of human endeavor.
Science encourages innovation and critical thinking skills, promoting progress across multiple disciplines.