Introduction to Science Quiz

Definition of Science

• Systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge.
• Involves observation, experimentation, and modeling.

Branches of Science

1. Natural Sciences

   • Focus on the study of the natural world.
   • Subfields: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Earth Science.

2. Formal Sciences

   • Concerned with abstract concepts.
   • Subfields: Mathematics, Logic, Statistics, Computer Science.

3. Social Sciences

   • Study human behavior and societies.
   • Subfields: Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, Economics.

4. Applied Sciences

   • Use scientific knowledge for practical applications.
   • Includes Engineering, Medicine, and Environmental Science.

Scientific Method

1. Observation

   • Gathering data through senses or instruments.

2. Hypothesis

   • Formulating a testable statement or prediction.

3. Experimentation

   • Conducting experiments to test hypotheses.
   • Involves control and experimental groups.

4. Analysis

   • Evaluating data and determining results.

5. Conclusion

   • Drawing conclusions based on data analysis.
   • May lead to further hypotheses or theories.

Key Concepts

• Theory vs. Law

  • Theory: Explanation of phenomena based on evidence (e.g., Theory of Evolution).
  • Law: Statement that describes consistent observations (e.g., Law of Gravity).

• Peer Review

  • Process where scientific work is evaluated by experts in the field before publication.

• Replication

  • Repeating experiments to verify results and ensure reliability.

Importance of Science

• Enhances understanding of the universe and human existence.
• Drives technological advancements and innovation.
• Addresses societal challenges (e.g., health, environment, energy).

Scientific Literacy

• Ability to understand and engage with scientific concepts and processes.
• Essential for informed decision-making in personal and societal contexts.

Definition of Science

• Science is a systematic endeavor that builds and organizes knowledge.
• It encompasses observation, experimentation, and modeling to understand phenomena.

Branches of Science

• Natural Sciences

  • Explore the natural world, focusing on its laws and structures.
  • Key subfields include Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Earth Science.

• Formal Sciences

  • Centered around abstract concepts and logical reasoning.
  • Key subfields are Mathematics, Logic, Statistics, and Computer Science.

• Social Sciences

  • Investigate human behavior and the functioning of societies.
  • Key subfields include Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, and Economics.

• Applied Sciences

  • Utilize scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
  • Encompasses fields such as Engineering, Medicine, and Environmental Science.

Scientific Method

• Observation

  • Involves collecting data using senses or scientific instruments.

• Hypothesis

  • A testable statement or prediction formulated from observations.

• Experimentation

  • Conducting experiments with control and experimental groups to test hypotheses.

• Analysis

  • Involves evaluating collected data to determine outcomes and findings.

• Conclusion

  • Drawing inferences based on data analysis, leading to new hypotheses or theories.

Key Concepts

• Theory vs. Law

  • Theory: An explanation of phenomena supported by substantial evidence (e.g., Theory of Evolution).
  • Law: A concise statement describing consistent, observable events (e.g., Law of Gravity).

• Peer Review

  • A critical evaluation process where scientific work is reviewed by field experts before publication.

• Replication

  • The practice of repeating experiments to validate results and ensure findings are reliable.

Importance of Science

• Enhances comprehension of the universe and humanity's role within it.
• Fuels technological progress and fosters innovation.
• Addresses and provides solutions to societal issues, including health, environmental, and energy challenges.

Scientific Literacy

• Refers to the ability to understand and engage with scientific ideas and methodologies.
• Essential for making informed decisions at both personal and societal levels.

Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of science, including its branches and the scientific method. This quiz covers topics like natural sciences, formal sciences, social sciences, and applied sciences, along with key concepts of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation.