Introduction to Science Quiz

Definition of Science

• Systematic study of the natural world.
• Utilizes observation, experimentation, and evidence to understand phenomena.

Branches of Science

1. Physical Sciences

   • Study of non-living systems.
   • Includes physics, chemistry, astronomy, and Earth sciences.

2. Life Sciences

   • Study of living organisms and life processes.
   • Includes biology, ecology, zoology, and botany.

3. Formal Sciences

   • Study of abstract concepts.
   • Includes mathematics, logic, and statistics.

4. Social Sciences

   • Study of human behavior and societies.
   • Includes sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics.

Scientific Method

1. Observation

   • Gathering information through the senses.

2. Question

   • Formulating a question based on observations.

3. Hypothesis

   • Proposing a testable explanation.

4. Experimentation

   • Designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis.

5. Analysis

   • Interpreting data collected from experiments.

6. Conclusion

   • Drawing conclusions based on the analysis; can lead to revising the hypothesis.

7. Reporting Results

   • Sharing findings with the scientific community for further validation.

Key Concepts

• Theory vs. Law

  • Theory: Well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world (e.g., theory of evolution).
  • Law: A statement describing a consistent phenomenon (e.g., law of gravity).

• Peer Review

  • Process of subjecting research to the scrutiny of others in the field before publication.

• Replicability

  • The ability of an experiment or study to be replicated by others to verify results.

Importance of Science

• Advances technology and medicine.
• Informs public policy and environmental practices.
• Enhances understanding of the universe and human existence.
• Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving.

Ethical Considerations in Science

• Importance of integrity and transparency in research.
• Consideration of ethical implications of scientific discoveries (e.g., genetic engineering, animal testing).

Current Trends

• Rise of interdisciplinary research combining multiple fields (e.g., bioinformatics).
• Increasing focus on sustainability and climate science.
• Advancements in technology influencing scientific research (e.g., AI, data analysis).

Definition of Science

• Science is the systematic study of the natural world.
• It utilizes observation, experimentation, and evidence to understand phenomena.

Branches of Science

• Physical Sciences study non-living systems.
  • Physics, chemistry, astronomy, and Earth sciences are examples.
• Life Sciences study living organisms and life processes.
  • Biology, ecology, zoology, and botany are examples.
• Formal Sciences study abstract concepts.
  • Mathematics, logic, and statistics are examples.
• Social Sciences study human behavior and societies.
  • Sociology, psychology, anthropology, and economics are examples.

Scientific Method

• Observation is gathering information through the senses.
• Question is formulating a question based on observations.
• Hypothesis is proposing a testable explanation.
• Experimentation is designing and conducting experiments to test the hypothesis.
• Analysis is interpreting data collected from experiments.
• Conclusion is drawing conclusions based on the analysis; can lead to revising the hypothesis.
• Reporting Results is sharing findings with the scientific community for further validation.

Key Concepts

• Theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world.
  • Example: the theory of evolution.
• Law is a statement describing a consistent phenomenon.
  • Example: the law of gravity.
• Peer Review is a process where research is scrutinized by others in the field before publication.
• Replicability is the ability of an experiment or study to be replicated by others to verify results.

Importance of Science

• Advances technology and medicine.
• Informs public policy and environmental practices.
• Enhances understanding of the universe and human existence.
• Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving.

Ethical Considerations in Science

• Importance of integrity and transparency in research.
• Consideration of ethical implications of scientific discoveries.
  • Example: genetic engineering, animal testing.

Current Trends

• Rise of interdisciplinary research combining multiple fields.
  • Example: bioinformatics.
• Increasing focus on sustainability and climate science.
• Advancements in technology influencing scientific research.
  • Example: AI, data analysis.