Introduction to Science: Principles & Methods
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best exemplifies the principle of empiricism in scientific inquiry?

  • Relying on logical arguments to support a new theory.
  • Accepting a long-held belief due to tradition.
  • Developing a mathematical model to predict weather patterns.
  • Conducting experiments to gather data about plant growth. (correct)

A researcher observes a new phenomenon but struggles to explain it with existing theories. According to the scientific method, what is the most logical next step?

  • Formulate a testable hypothesis. (correct)
  • Ignore the phenomenon as an anomaly.
  • Immediately propose a new scientific law.
  • Rely on personal intuition to understand the phenomenon.

Which branch of science is most directly concerned with the study of the composition, structure, properties, and reactions of matter?

  • Biology
  • Chemistry (correct)
  • Geology
  • Physics

What distinguishes a scientific theory from a scientific law?

<p>A theory explains why something happens, while a law describes what happens. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following units is NOT a base SI unit?

<p>Newton (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A biologist uses a new type of microscope to study the detailed structure of a cell. Which tool is the biologist using?

<p>Microscope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In data analysis, what is the primary purpose of data visualization?

<p>To reveal patterns and trends in a graphical form. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peer review in scientific communication?

<p>To evaluate scientific work by experts in the same field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical principle in science is most directly related to avoiding bias in research?

<p>Objectivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does science contribute to the development of technology?

<p>By applying scientific knowledge for practical purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key concept in physics deals with the study of heat and energy transfer?

<p>Thermodynamics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In chemistry, what is the study of carbon-containing compounds called?

<p>Organic Chemistry (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which key concept in biology involves the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment?

<p>Ecology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which field of Earth Science focuses on the study of the atmosphere and weather?

<p>Meteorology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of promoting science literacy among the general public?

<p>To make informed decisions about science-related issues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Science?

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Empiricism

Knowledge is based on sensory experience and evidence.

Rationalism

Reason and logic are essential for interpreting evidence and building theories.

Skepticism (in Science)

Subjecting scientific claims to scrutiny and requiring they be falsifiable.

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Objectivity (in Science)

Minimizing bias and personal opinions in the scientific process.

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Observation (Scientific Method)

Identifying a phenomenon or a problem to investigate.

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Hypothesis

Formulating a testable explanation or prediction.

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Experimentation

Designing and conducting controlled tests.

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Scientific Theory

A well-substantiated explanation based on repeated confirmation.

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Scientific Law

Predicts events reliably under certain conditions.

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Measurement

Quantifying using standard units.

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Meter (m)

Standard unit for length.

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Microscope

Used to view tiny objects.

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Integrity in Science

Honesty and clarity in research.

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Mechanics (Physics)

The study of motion and forces in physics.

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Study Notes

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Description

Explore the core principles of science, including empiricism, rationalism, skepticism, and objectivity. Understand the scientific method, from observation to conclusion, and its crucial role in understanding the natural world.

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