Introduction to Science

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the role of skepticism in the scientific process?

  • Prioritizing personal beliefs and biases over empirical evidence.
  • Encouraging scientists to readily dismiss any evidence that contradicts their hypotheses.
  • Subjecting scientific claims to critical evaluation and scrutiny. (correct)
  • Accepting established theories without question to maintain consistency.

A researcher observes that plants grow taller when exposed to sunlight. Which of the steps below represents a testable hypothesis?

  • Sunlight is essential for plant life.
  • Plants need sunlight to perform photosynthesis.
  • If plants are exposed to more sunlight, then they will grow taller. (correct)
  • Plants grow due to a variety of environmental factors.

In an experiment, a scientist modifies the temperature of a reaction and measures the rate of product formation. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

  • The amount of reactants used.
  • The rate of product formation.
  • The type of reaction being studied.
  • The temperature. (correct)

Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the relationship between a hypothesis and a theory in science?

<p>A hypothesis is a specific testable prediction, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by extensive evidence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which branch of science is least likely to rely on direct experimentation and observation?

<p>Mathematics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

To determine the amount of energy needed to heat a particular substance, which areas of physics and chemistry would be most relevant?

<p>Thermodynamics and Stoichiometry (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A chemist is studying a reaction in which two gases combine to form a solid. To understand the quantitative relationships between the gases and the solid, which concept is most relevant?

<p>Stoichiometry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of physics would be used to best describe the motion of a car?

<p>Mechanics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A researcher is studying the rate of a certain reaction, and how different temperatures affect that rate. Under which field of study does this research fall?

<p>Kinetics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental tenet of cell theory?

<p>All organisms must contain the same number of cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the International System of Units (SI), which unit is used to measure the amount of a substance?

<p>Mole (mol) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A dataset includes the following values: 5, 8, 10, 10, 12. Which of the following correctly identifies the mean, median, and mode of this dataset?

<p>Mean: 9, Median: 10, Mode: 10 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of scientific model is best described as a set of equations and algorithms used to simulate the behavior of a system?

<p>Computational Model (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does technology primarily contribute to the advancement of science?

<p>By enabling new scientific discoveries through innovation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is objectivity considered a critical ethical principle in scientific research?

<p>To minimize bias and ensure unbiased research outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does peer review play in scientific communication?

<p>It is a process where experts evaluate scientific work before publication. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific theory explains the diversity of life on Earth through the process of natural selection?

<p>Theory of Evolution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which interdisciplinary field combines physics and geology to study the physical properties of the Earth?

<p>Geophysics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is Science?

A systematic approach to understanding the natural world through observation, experimentation, and analysis.

Core Principles of Science

Empiricism, rationalism, skepticism, and objectivity.

Branches of Science

Natural, social, and formal sciences.

The Scientific Method

Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion, and communication.

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Mechanics

The study of motion and forces.

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Thermodynamics

Analysis of heat, energy, and entropy.

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What is Matter?

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

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Stoichiometry

Quantitative relationships between reactants and products in chemical reactions.

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Cell Theory

All living organisms are composed of cells; the basic unit of life.

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Genetics

Study of heredity and inherited traits.

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Evolution

Process by which populations change over time.

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Mean

Average value of a set of numbers.

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Scientific Models

Representations of systems or phenomena for understanding and prediction.

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Peer Review

Evaluation of scientific work by field experts.

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Germ Theory of Disease

Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms.

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Microscope

Used to view small objects and structures.

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Biochemistry

Combines biology and chemistry to study chemical processes in living organisms.

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Study Notes

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